Genetically Modified Humans & Viruses Investigated
The Eugenics Investigation
Editor: Michael James Ross
Published: July 21, 2017
Website: MonsantoInvestigation.com
http://pollutionscience.com
Updated: March 28th, 2023
Chapter 1: Updated news
Chapter 2: Medical technology
Chapter 3: Regenomics
Chapter 4: Nanotechnology & Biotechnology
Chapter 5: Vaccines
Chapter 6: Autism
Chapter 7: Genome mining & editing
Chapter 8: Bioweapons
Chapter 9: Genetic disorders and diseases
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Chapter 1: Updated news
Coronavirus Investigation News - Race Virus 201 - Pollution Science 101
March 15th, 2022
https://archive.org/details/covid-news_202302
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 1
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 2
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-2/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 3
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-3/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 4
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-4/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 5
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-5/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 6
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-6/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 7
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-7/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 8
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-8/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 9
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-9/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 10
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-10/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 11
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-11/
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Coronavirus Investigation News – Race Virus 201 – Part 12
March 15th, 2022
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/coronavirus-investigation-news-race-virus-201-part-12/
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Race Virus 101 Part 1
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/03/25/race-virus-101-part-1/
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Race Virus 101 – Part 2
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/03/26/race-virus-101-part-2/
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Race Virus 101 – Part 3
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/03/26/race-virus-101-part-3/
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Race Virus 301 – Coronavirus Investigation News – Part 1
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/03/26/race-virus-301-coronavirus-investigation-news-part-1/
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Race Virus 301 – Coronavirus Investigation News – Part 2
https://pollutionscience101.wordpress.com/2023/03/26/race-virus-301-coronavirus-investigation-news-part-2/
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Pollution Science 101 - Book Archive (Web Archive)
https://archive.org/details/@pollution_science?tab=web-archive
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Pollution Science 101 - Video Archive
https://archive.org/details/@pollution_science
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Monsanto Investigation.com - Video Archive
https://archive.org/details/@monsantoinvestigation
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Chapter 2: Medical technology
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The following article will detail information on the ethical standards of genetically modified organisms and bacteria. This information on biotechnology and nanotechnology will showcase many of the good purposes, including many bad purposes for this technology.
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Patients regrow muscles with pig bladder tissue
April 30, 2014
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/patients-regrow-muscles-with-pig-bladder-tissue/
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Onion cells used to create artificial muscles
May 7, 2015
Artificial muscles could one day revolutionize fields such as robotics, prosthetics and nanotechnology. So far, we've seen examples made from materials like electroactive elastomers, crumpled graphene, and vanadium dioxide. The problem is, most artificial muscles can only expand in one direction, or contract in the other. Now, however, scientists from National Taiwan University have gotten around that limitation using gold-plated onion cells.
http://www.gizmag.com/onion-cells-artificial-muscles/37407/
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Scientists discover cause of and potential treatment for muscle weakness and loss due to aging
September 8, 2015
As we grow older, we lose strength and muscle mass. However, the cause of age-related muscle weakness and atrophy has remained a mystery.
Scientists at the University of Iowa have discovered the first example of a protein that causes muscle weakness and loss during aging. The protein, ATF4, is a transcription factor that alters gene expression in skeletal muscle, causing reduction of muscle protein synthesis, strength, and mass. The UI study also identifies two natural compounds, one found in apples and one found in green tomatoes, which reduce ATF4 activity in aged skeletal muscle. The findings, which were published online Sept. 3 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, could lead to new therapies for age-related muscle weakness and atrophy.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-scientists-potential-treatment-muscle-weakness.html
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Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles for Extreme Temperatures
March 20, 2009
Researchers at the UT Dallas Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute have demonstrated a fundamentally new type of artificial muscle, which can operate at extreme temperatures where no other artificial muscle can be used -- from below the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196° C) to above the melting point of iron (1538° C).
http://phys.org/news/2009-03-carbon-nanotube-artificial-muscles-extreme.html#nRlv
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Microbots could create electrically activated muscles
Nov 11, 2014
http://www.techtimes.com/articles/19979/20141111/microbots-could-create-electrically-activated-muscles.htm
Micro-muscles could be used to propel miniature robots through veins, acting as tiny muscles, controlled by electrical stimulation. Robots smaller than a grain of sand could link together, carrying out operations neither tiny robots alone, nor larger devices, could accomplish.
Micro-robots could be used for medical treatments, as well as in manufacturing.
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Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery
20 March 2015
http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v14/n4/full/nrd4539.html
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Human-on-a-chip
Researchers are working towards building a multi-channel 3D microfluidic cell culture system that compartmentalizes microenvironments in which 3D cellular aggregates are cultured to mimic multiple organs in the body.[23] Most organ-on-a-chip models today only culture one cell type, so even though they may be valid models for studying whole organ functions, the systemic effect of a drug on the human body is not verified.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip
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Artificial organ
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_organ
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Engineering bioartificial tracheal tissue using hybrid fibroblast-mesenchymal stem cell cultures in collagen hydrogels
http://icvts.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/2/156.full
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Scientists growing livers, kidneys, ears in labs amidst organ shortage
June 17, 2013
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/scientists-growing-livers-kidneys-ears-in-labs-amidst-organ-shortage/
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Custom Organs, Printed to Order
18 Mar 2015
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/3d-printed-organs/
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Cells and Biomaterials for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration
https://books.google.com/books?id=8KEZb5NXZj8C&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=fastest+tissue+regeneration+technologies&source=bl&ots=7v0piUsXqL&sig=kduH9xaw4zrlmoA6rSYFoVRuyC8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gpQ5Vb-MHYLZtQX5Lw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=fastest%20tissue%20regeneration%20technologies&f=false
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New discovery gives hope that nerves could be repaired after spinal cord injury
April, 2014
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140401102122.htm
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Prototype 'nanoneedles' generate new blood vessels in mice
Mar 30, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-03-prototype-nanoneedles-blood-vessels-mice.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Juvenile plasticity returned to adult mice brains
May 20, 2015
By enabling the rigid brains of adult mice to return to the high levels of plasticity found in juvenile brains, scientists are opening new pathways to the treatment of brain injuries such as stroke. Back in 2013, researchers from Yale University reported the discovery of a molecular switch that achieved this result, and now scientists at the University of California, Irvine, have managed to make an old brain young again using a different approach.
http://www.gizmag.com/juvenile-brain-plasticity-restored-adult-mice-brains/37592/
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Magnetic nanoparticles could stop blood clot-caused strokes
February 23, 2015
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150223122427.htm
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Enzyme could make any type of donated blood safe for anyone to receive
May 1, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/blood-antigen-enzyme/37289/
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Stem cell stroke therapy shows promise after first human trial
August 8, 2014
A pilot study undertaken by researchers from Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London has shown promise in rapid treatment of serious strokes. The study, the first of its kind published in the UK, treated patients using stem cells from bone marrow.
http://www.gizmag.com/stroke-treatment-stem-cell-bone-marrow/33258/
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Tiny cellular bubbles enable delivery of Parkinson's drugs straight to the brain
May 5, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/medical/
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Breakthrough in cell conversion could help with Parkinson's treatment
December 7, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/cell-conversion-breakthrough-parkinsons-disease/40784/
A team of University at Buffalo researchers has identified a key obstacle in the cell conversion process, the manipulation of which allows for much easier transitions between cell types. The breakthrough has big implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, with scientists able to create functional neurons to replace those damaged by the condition.
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder that involves the loss of dopamine neurons in the brain, having a significant impact on the patient's motor skills. The new study has seen researchers attack the problem head on, attempting to find an efficient method of producing new dopamine neurons, which could then be transplanted into the patient's brain to help tackle the disease.
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Drug Discovery for Parkinson's Disease: Researchers Grow Neurons in 3-D
June 25, 2015
http://scicasts.com/bio-it/1869-lab-technology/9563-drug-discovery-for-parkinson-s-disease-researchers-grow-neurons-in-3-d/
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Gene editing study reveals possible 'Achilles heel' of sickle cell disease
September 16, 2015
Researchers from Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center have found that changes to a small stretch of DNA may circumvent the genetic defect behind sickle cell disease (SCD). The discovery, published in the journal Nature, creates a path for developing gene editing approaches for treating SCD and other hemoglobin disorders, such as thalassemia.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-gene-reveals-achilles-heel-sickle.html
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Microscale 'transformer' robots are joining forces to break through blocked arteries
Jun 27, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-microscale-robots-blocked-arteries.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Cardiac cells and gold nanofibers join forces to heal damaged hearts
July 25, 2013
http://www.gizmag.com/heart-patch-gold-nanofibers/28465/
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Sticky gel helps stem cells heal rat hearts
September 24, 2015
A sticky, protein-rich gel created by Johns Hopkins researchers appears to help stem cells stay on or in rat hearts and restore their metabolism after transplantation, improving cardiac function after simulated heart attacks, according to results of a new study.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-sticky-gel-stem-cells-rat.html
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Micro-bubbles may help prevent heart attacks and strokes
December 18, 2012
Heart attack and stroke-causing plaque deposits in the arteries are typically preceded by an inflammation of the arteries in those same areas. Therefore, if doctors could be aware of those inflamed regions before plaque deposits formed and problems such as chest pains arose, a lot of hardship could potentially be avoided. Well, that soon may be possible, thanks to some tiny bubbles.
http://www.gizmag.com/microbubbles-artery-inflammation/25497/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
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Bioengineered heart tissue can be stuck together like Velcro
August 31, 2015
A new system for growing heart tissue in the lab may make future heart, liver, and lung repair much easier. University of Toronto scientists have developed asymmetrical honeycomb-shaped 2D meshes of protein scaffolding that stick together like Velcro and imitate the environments in which tissue and muscle cells grow in the body.
http://www.gizmag.com/bioengineered-heart-tissue-velcro/39173/
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Drug-delivering nano "drones" to help prevent heart attacks
March 2, 2015
Scientists have developed targeted, biodegradable nano "drones" to deliver anti-inflammatory drugs that heal and stabilize arterial plaque in mice. Their work could pave the way for more effective prevention of heart attack and stroke in humans caused by atherosclerosis, in which artery walls thicken and suffer reduced plasticity due to an accumulation of white blood cells
The study, conducted by researchers from Colombia University Medical Center (CUMC), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), showed for the first time that it is possible to treat inflammation and repair plaques via highly targeted nanoparticles. It is also the first example of using targeted nanomedicine to reduce atherosclerosis in animals.
Essentially, the nanoparticles are injected into the bloodstream where they find their way to the arterial plaque, stick to them and release the healing peptides. Their small size – they are 1,000 times smaller than the tip of a single strand of human hair – and "sticky" surfaces enable them to accumulate and be retained within the plaques to facilitate healing and remodeling to block plaque rupture and thrombosis.
http://www.gizmag.com/nano-drones-healing-drug-heart-attacks/36342/
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Nanoparticle 'wrapper' delivers chemical that stops fatty buildup in rodent arteries
June 23rd, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-nanoparticle-wrapper-chemical-fatty-buildup.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Non-surgical procedure repairs severed nerves in minutes
February 07, 2012
http://www.gizmag.com/ut-fast-nerve-regeneration/21345/
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Brain-computer connection helps paralyzed man walk
Researchers hope the system will lead to an implantable system that allows paralyzed people to regain use of their limbs.
Sept. 24, 2015
http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2015/09/24/Brain-computer-connection-helps-paralyzed-man-walk/9311443096650
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Electronic memory may bring bionic brain one step closer
May 12, 2015
Using a matrix of nano-sized memristors, researchers working at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and the University of California, Santa Barbara claim to have constructed the world’s first electronic memory cell that effectively mimics the analog process of the human brain. By storing memories as multiple threads of varying information, rather than a collection of ones and zeroes, scientists believe that this device may prove to be the first step towards creating a completely artificial, bionic brain.
http://www.gizmag.com/electronic-memristor-memory-mimics-brain/37454/
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Researchers use disordered matter for computation, evolving breakthrough nanoparticle Boolean logic network
September 25, 2015
Natural computers, such as evolved brains and cellular automata, express sophisticated interconnected networks and exhibit massive parallelism. They also adapt to exploit local physical properties such as capacitative crosstalk between circuits. By contrast, synthetic computers channel activity according to established design rules and do not adapt to take advantage of their surroundings. Thus, researchers are interested in using matter itself for computation.
Scientists have speculated about the ability to evolve designless nanoscale networks of inanimate matter with the same robust capacities as natural computers, but have not yet realized the concept. Now, a group of researchers reports in Nature Nanotechnology a disordered nanomaterials system that was artificially evolved by optimizing the values of control voltages according to a genetic algorithm.
Using interconnected metal nanoparticles, which act as nonlinear single-electron transistors, the researchers were able to exploit the system's emergent network properties to create a universal, reconfigurable Boolean gate. The authors note that their system meets the requirements for a cellular neural network—universality, compactness, robustness and evolvability. Their approach works around the device-to-device variations that are becoming increasingly difficult to align as semiconductors approach the nanoscale, and which result in uncertainties in performance.
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-disordered-evolving-breakthrough-nanoparticle-boolean.html#jCp
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Researchers create first neural-network chip built just with memristors
May 07, 2015
A team of researchers working at the University of California (and one from Stony Brook University) has for the first time created a neural-network chip that was built using just memristors. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the team describes how they built their chip and what capabilities it has.
Memristors may sound like something from a sci-fi movie, but they actually exist—they are electronic analog memory devices that are modeled on human neurons and synapses. Human consciousness, some believe, is in reality, nothing more than an advanced form of memory retention and processing, and it is analog, as opposed to computers, which of course are digital. The idea for memristors was first dreamed up by University of California professor Leon Chua back in 1971, but it was not until a team working at Hewlett-Packard in 2008, first built one. Since then, a lot of research has gone into studying the technology, but until now, no one had ever built a neural-network chip based exclusively on them.
http://phys.org/news/2015-05-neural-network-chip-built-memristors.html#jCp
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Scientists build a neural network using plastic memristors
January 29, 2016
A collaborative of Russian and Italian scientists has created a neural network based on polymeric memristors, devices that can potentially be used to build fundamentally new computers. According to the researchers, these developments have applications in systems for machine vision, hearing, and other sensory organs, and also intelligent control systems for various devices, including autonomous robots.
http://phys.org/news/2016-01-scientists-neural-network-plastic-memristors.html
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Injectable electronics holds promise for basic neuroscience, treatment of neuro-degenerative diseases
June 8th, 2015
It's a notion that might be pulled from the pages of science-fiction novel - electronic devices that can be injected directly into the brain, or other body parts, and treat everything from neurodegenerative disorders to paralysis.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-06-electronics-basic-neuroscience-treatment-neuro-degenerative.html#jCp
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Liquid crystals show potential for detection of neuro-degenerative disease
September 23, 2015
Liquid crystals are familiar to most of us as the somewhat humdrum stuff used to make computer displays and TVs. Even for scientists, it has not been easy to find other ways of using them.
Now a group of researchers at the University of Chicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME) is putting liquid crystals to work in a completely unexpected realm: as detectors for the protein fibers implicated in the development of neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Their novel approach promises an easier, less costly way to detect these fibers and to do so at a much earlier stage of their formation than has been possible before—the stage when they are thought to be the most toxic.
"It is extremely important that one develop techniques that allow us to detect the formation of these so-called amyloid fibrils when they're first starting to grow," said Juan de Pablo, whose group did the new work. "We have developed a system that allows us to detect them in a simple and inexpensive manner. And the sensitivity appears to be extremely high."
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-liquid-crystals-potential-neuro-degenerative-disease.html#jCp
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Defects in liquid crystals offer new approaches to molecular design of materials
September 24, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-defects-liquid-crystals-approaches-molecular.html
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Transparent optogenetic brain implants: Yet another amazing use for graphene
October 21, 2014
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/192510-transparent-optogenetic-brain-implants-yet-another-amazing-use-for-graphene
Transparency is the key to many technologies. Thin conductive films, like those made from ITO (indium tin oxide) for example, can carry currents or create electric fields critical for displays or solar panels without blocking all the light. The most powerful brain implants being built today have exactly this same requirement. Namely, they need to record fast electric signals with conductive arrays while permitting light to pass out through them for high-resolution imaging — and just to take it up a notch — let light pass in to permit optogenetic control directly under the implant for the icing on the cake.
Unfortunately, ITO is generally too stiff and too brittle for brain implants. Even if it could be made flexible, the high temperatures required to process it are incompatible with many of the materials (like parylene) that are used in the implants. Furthermore the transparency bandwidth of ITO is insufficient to fully exploit the wide spectrum of new UV and IR capable optogenetic proteins that have researchers fairly excited. The solution, now emerging from multiple labs throughout the universe is to build flexible, transparent electrode arrays from graphene. Two studies in the latest issue of Nature Communications, one from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the other from Penn, describe how to build these devices.
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How close are we to Elon Musk's brain-computer interface? (Video)
April 12, 2017
Eb Fetz, a researcher here at the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering (CSNE), is one of the earliest pioneers to connect machines to minds. In 1969, before there were even personal computers, he showed that monkeys can amplify their brain signals to control a needle that moved on a dial.
Much of the recent work on BCIs aims to improve the quality of life of people who are paralyzed or have severe motor disabilities. You may have seen some recent accomplishments in the news: University of Pittsburgh researchers use signals recorded inside the brain to control a robotic arm. Stanford researchers can extract the movement intentions of paralyzed patients from their brain signals, allowing them to use a tablet wirelessly.
http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/12/health/brain-computer-interface-partner/
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Elon Musk on Artificial Intelligence
Oct 14, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H15uuDMqDK0
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Two robots debate the future of humanity
Apr 17, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y3XdwTa1cA
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5 SCARIEST Things Said by A.I. Robots
Mar 1, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3fl4OEZmVg
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10 Scariest A.I. Robot Moments
Aug 6, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoemTySxFso
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Scientists Prove That Telepathic Communication Is Within Reach
An international research team develops a way to say “hello” with your mind
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/scientists-prove-that-telepathic-communication-is-within-reach-180952868/?no-ist
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Building a Telepathic Army
2012
The U.S. Army wants to train soldiers to communicate just by thinking.
http://discovermagazine.com/2012/brain/3-the-thought-helmet
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Brain implant
Concerns and ethical considerations
See also: Neuroethics
Who are good candidates to receive neural implants? What are the good uses of neural implants and what are the bad uses? Whilst deep brain stimulation is increasingly becoming routine for patients with Parkinson's disease, there may be some behavioural side effects. Reports in the literature describe the possibility of apathy, hallucinations, compulsive gambling, hypersexuality, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. However, these may be temporary and related to correct placement and calibration of the stimulator and so are potentially reversible.[40]
Some transhumanists, such as Raymond Kurzweil and Kevin Warwick, see brain implants as part of a next step for humans in progress and evolution, whereas others, especially bioconservatives, view them as unnatural, with humankind losing essential human qualities. It raises controversy similar to other forms of human enhancement. For instance, it is argued that implants would technically change people into cybernetic organisms (cyborgs). It's also expected that all research will comply to the Declaration of Helsinki. Yet further, the usual legal duties apply such as information to the person wearing implants and that the implants are voluntary, with (very) few exceptions.
Other concerns involve vulnerabilities of neural implants to cybercrime or intrusive surveillance as neural implants could be hacked, misused or misdesigned.
Sadja states that "one's private thoughts are important to protect" and doesn't considers it a good idea to just charge the government or any company to protect them. Walter Glannon, a neuroethicist of the University of Calgary notes that "there is a risk of the microchips being hacked by third parties" and that "this could interfere with the user's intention to perform actions, violate privacy by extracting information from the chip".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant
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New wave in tech: hacking the brain (Update)
January 8, 2016
The next frontier for the tech sector is the human brain.
A new breed of neuro-hacker is finding ways to capture and manipulate brainwaves to improve health, with potential to help the severely handicapped.
A number of the innovations were on display at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, where computer scientists and biomedical experts showcased ways to tap into and use brain signals.
The "mind control" headband unveiled by startup BrainCo effectively hacks into brain signals with a range of possible applications—from helping to improve attention spans, to detecting disease, controlling smart home appliances or even a prosthetic device.
The device "translates your brainwaves into electronic signals," said the Boston-based firm's Zenchuan Lei.
At CES, BrainCo demonstrated how a person could use the headband to manipulate a prosthetic hand—a potential life-changer for those paralyzed or missing limbs.
"These signals can be used to control objects like a prosthetic hand," Lei said. "You can turn the lights on or off just by focusing on that."
The device designed by scientists from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology employs "neuro feedback," a means of allowing people to control their brain waves for various purposes. It is expected to be sold later this year for less than $150.
http://phys.org/news/2016-01-tech-hacking-brain.html
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Draper's Genetically Modified Cyborg DragonflEye Takes Flight
June 1, 2017
In January, we wrote about a cybernetic micro air vehicle under development at Draper called DragonflEye. DragonflEye consists of a living, slightly modified dragonfly that carries a small backpack of electronics. The backpack interfaces directly with the dragonfly’s nervous system to control it, and uses tiny solar panels to harvest enough energy to power itself without the need for batteries.
http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/drones/drapers-genetically-modified-cyborg-dragonfleye-takes-flight
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More efficient memory-management scheme could help enable chips with thousands of cores
September 10, 2015
In a modern, multicore chip, every core—or processor—has its own small memory cache, where it stores frequently used data. But the chip also has a larger, shared cache, which all the cores can access.
If one core tries to update data in the shared cache, other cores working on the same data need to know. So the shared cache keeps a directory of which cores have copies of which data.
That directory takes up a significant chunk of memory: In a 64-core chip, it might be 12 percent of the shared cache. And that percentage will only increase with the core count. Envisioned chips with 128, 256, or even 1,000 cores will need a more efficient way of maintaining cache coherence.
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-efficient-memory-management-scheme-enable-chips.html
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Organic ion transistor blocks pain signals from reaching the brain
May 11, 2015
A new type of medical device could one day put the minds of chronic pain sufferers at ease by distributing the body's own natural pain relief signals at just the right time. Developed at Linköping University in Sweden, the tiny "ion pump" is made from organic electronics and could be implanted in patients, serving to cut off pain signals in the spinal chord before they make their way to the brain.
http://www.gizmag.com/organic-ion-transistor-pain-brain/37434/
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Artificial memories: French scientists implant false memories in brains of sleeping mice
March 10, 2015
http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/artificial-memories-french-scientists-implant-false-memories-in-brains-of-sleeping-mice-20150310-1402wz.html
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Photoswitch therapy restores vision to blind lab animals
December 9, 2014
A new genetic therapy that helped blind mice and dogs respond to light stimulus could restore sight to people who suffer from diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (a gradual loss of vision from periphery inwards). The therapy uses chemicals known as photoswitches, which change shape when hit with light, to open the channels that activate retinal cells. Treated mice can distinguish between steady and flashing light, while dogs with late-stage retinal degeneration also regain some sensitivity to light.
http://www.gizmag.com/photoswitch-therapy-restores-vision-retinitis-pigmentosa/35139/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
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Researchers find 'lost' memories using light
Memories that have been "lost" as a result of amnesia can be recalled by activating brain cells with light.
In a paper published today in the journal Science, researchers at MIT reveal that they were able to reactivate memories that could not otherwise be retrieved, using a technology known as optogenetics.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-05-lost-memories.html
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Protein shown to slow progress of Alzheimer’s and multiple sclerosis
March 2, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/protein-fights-alzheimers-multiple-sclerosis/36366/
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New Alzheimer’s treatment fully restores memory function
Of the mice that received the treatment, 75 percent got their memory function back.
http://www.sciencealert.com/new-alzheimer-s-treatment-fully-restores-memory-function
Australian researchers have come up with a non-invasive ultrasound technology that clears the brain of neurotoxic amyloid plaques - structures that are responsible for memory loss and a decline in cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients.
If a person has Alzheimer’s disease, it’s usually the result of a build-up of two types of lesions - amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid plaques sit between the neurons and end up as dense clusters of beta-amyloid molecules, a sticky type of protein that clumps together and forms plaques.
Neurofibrillary tangles are found inside the neurons of the brain, and they’re caused by defective tau proteins that clump up into a thick, insoluble mass. This causes tiny filaments called microtubules to get all twisted, which disrupts the transportation of essential materials such as nutrients and organelles along them, just like when you twist up the vacuum cleaner tube.
As we don’t have any kind of vaccine or preventative measure for Alzheimer’s - a disease that affects 343,000 people in Australia, and 50 million worldwide - it’s been a race to figure out how best to treat it, starting with how to clear the build-up of defective beta-amyloid and tau proteins from a patient’s brain. Now a team from the Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) at the University of Queensland have come up with a pretty promising solution for removing the former.
Publishing in Science Translational Medicine, the team describes the technique as using a particular type of ultrasound called a focused therapeutic ultrasound, which non-invasively beams sound waves into the brain tissue. By oscillating super-fast, these sound waves are able to gently open up the blood-brain barrier, which is a layer that protects the brain against bacteria, and stimulate the brain’s microglial cells to activate. Microglila cells are basically waste-removal cells, so they’re able to clear out the toxic beta-amyloid clumps that are responsible for the worst symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
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Study shows how Alzheimer's disease destroys brain cell connections early on
November 27, 2015
A research team led by scientists from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Australia has studied the mechanism by which connections in the brain are destroyed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The findings represent another angle of attack in the ongoing battle to find a cure for the widespread degenerative condition.
http://www.gizmag.com/unsw-alzheimers-disease-synapse-destruction/40629/
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Increased activity in older brains may point to new avenues for treating memory loss
September 22, 2015
Northwestern Medicine scientists have examined activity in a little-studied part of the brain associated with memory and found for the first time the reason that neurons there become more active in old age, findings that may suggest a new target for future therapies to combat memory loss in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers in Alaska have found the earliest known evidence that Ice Age humans in North America used salmon as a food source, according to a new paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-older-brains-avenues-memory-loss.html
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Repairing the brain: Two genes unlock potential for treatment of schizophrenia
September 18, 2015
Research led by scientists from Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore (Duke-NUS) has linked the abnormal behaviour of two genes (BDNF and DTNBP1) to the underlying cause of schizophrenia. These findings have provided a new target for schizophrenia treatment.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-brain-genes-potential-treatment-schizophrenia.html
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Stem cell-derived 'organoids' help predict neural toxicity
September 21, 2015
A new system developed by scientists at the Morgridge Institute for Research and the University of Wisconsin-Madison may provide a faster, cheaper and more biologically relevant way to screen drugs and chemicals that could harm the developing brain.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-stem-cell-derived-organoids-neural-toxicity.html
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Reflections on using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) to treat neuropsychiatric disorders
May 25, 2015
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from Parkinson’s Disease to OCD.
One of my most fascinating experiences as a doctoral student of neuroscience began with an early morning trip to the university hospital. Upon arrival, my laboratory colleagues and I met with one of the clinical neurologists, who introduced us to a patient suffering from advanced Parkinson's Disease. Medications were no longer working effectively, and the patient's motor symptoms were severe and debilitating. The day that we arrived, the patient was to have electrodes implanted deep into the brain circuitry that was misbehaving in his disease, the first step in a revolutionary therapeutic approach known as deep brain stimulation (DBS).
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-05-deep-brain-dbs-neuropsychiatric-disorders.html#ajTabs
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Researchers genetically engineer Salmonella to eat brain tumors
01.11.17
Salmonella has earned its bad reputation. It is responsible for more than a million cases of food poisoning every year, of which nearly 400 people die. But a team of researchers from Duke University have recently engineered the bacteria to not attack the human gastrointestinal tract, but rather the most aggressive form of brain cancer known to man.
https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/11/genetically-engineered-salmonella-eats-brain-tumors/
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Herpes virus genetically engineered to destroy skin cancer cells
May 27, 2015http://newatlas.com/herpes-virus-skin-cancer-treatment/37714/
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Cancer-fighting viruses win approval
US regulators clear a viral melanoma therapy, paving the way for a promising field with a chequered past.
An engineered herpesvirus that provokes an immune response against cancer has become the first treatment of its kind to be approved for use in the United States, paving the way for a long-awaited class of therapies. On 27 October, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a genetically engineered virus called talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) to treat advanced melanoma. Four days earlier, advisers to the European Medicines Agency had endorsed the drug.
http://www.nature.com/news/cancer-fighting-viruses-win-approval-1.18651
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Here's What '60 Minutes' Didn't Tell You About The 'Miracle' Glioblastoma Treatment
Mar 2015Last night, newsmagazine 60 Minutes devoted not one but two segments to an early-stage trial at Duke University of a cancer therapy that some patients are calling a “miracle.” It’s a genetically modified form of the polio virus, injected directly into the brains of patients with glioblastoma, a particularly deadly type of brain tumor. Eleven of the 22 patients treated so far died, but the other 11 have seen their tumors shrink. Three featured in the story are cancer-free.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/arleneweintraub/2015/03/30/heres-what-60-minutes-didnt-tell-you-about-the-miracle-glioblastoma-treatment/#894b66741e24
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Chapter 3: Regenomics
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Breakthrough Device Heals Organs With A Single Touch
The technology works by converting normal skin cells into vascular cells, which helps heal wounds
August 7, 2017
https://www.infowars.com/breakthrough-device-heals-organs-with-a-single-touch/
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We now have the technology to regrow limbs and skin for people that need skin grafts, such as skin grafts for burn victims. Others claim that the use of artificial skin, including artificial limbs and body parts, will lead way to the production of body parts for half human and half machine types, or also known as cyborgs. These types of artificial body parts, combined with organic computing, is what some would refer to a real-life type of technology, to create genetically modified humans or cyborgs.
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Humans Could Regenerate Tissue Like Newts By Switching Off a Single Gene
Posted March 16, 2010
Scientists have long been stymied by human regenerative healing -- that is, wholesale regrowth of, say, a severed limb -- an ability inherent in some species but lost on humans. But new research suggests the ability to regenerate isn't based on something newts and flatworms have that we don't; rather, it's something we do have that's keeping us from regenerating tissues. Researchers think a gene called p21 may control regenerative healing, and that by switching it off, humans could perform our own regeneration.
The new research suggests that the potential to heal without scarring -- or possibly even to regrow a limb, albeit in a limited manner -- may lie dormant in human cells, kept in check by the p21 gene. A group of lab mice engineered to lack p21 were able to regenerate surgically removed tissue to the point that no evidence of the surgery remained. Holes punched in their ears -- a standard procedure for tagging lab animals -- also healed perfectly, leaving behind no traces of scar tissue or previous damage.
Essentially, switching off the p21 gene allows adult cells to behave like pluripotent stem cells, reorienting themselves into whatever kind of tissue they need to be. But naturally there is a give-and-take; p21 is closely intertwined with another gene, p53, a cell-division regulator that, if allowed to run amok, can lead to many types of cancers. The p21 gene acts as a safety valve for p53, stopping cell division in the case of DNA damage. So switching off p21 can allow cells to engage in regenerative healing, but the risks of doing so include rampant cell division (read: cancer).
http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-03/humans-could-regenerate-tissue-newts-switchin-single-gene
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Squid Based Material Takes 1 Second To Repair Completely
Aug 8, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28VvEEjkGuI
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Regenomics
Regenomics represents the merger of two fields of scientific endeavor: Regenerative medicine and genomics. New technologies to reprogram aged somatic cells back to pluripotency and to restore telomere length are currently used in research in regenerative medicine, though FDA-approved cellular therapies using reprogrammed cells are currently not available in the United States. The culture and banking of somatic cells also allows the parallel sequencing of their nuclear DNA to provide individuals with potentially valuable information for guiding them in lifestyle choices, but also one day, potentially in preventative strategies where cell types are made in advance for high risk categories of disease, i.e. preparing cardiac progenitor cells for individuals at high risk for heart disease.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenomics
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Scientists come a step closer to "regrowing" limbs
June 3, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/decellularization-rat-limb-transplant/37857/
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3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
( Challenges and future development of 3d bioprinting )
https://books.google.com/books?id=ud6cBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=fastest+tissue+regeneration+technologies&source=bl&ots=YY2KsChdcC&sig=BdMJMolEex5iDuynj3AR946qZl0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gpQ5Vb-MHYLZtQX5Lw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false
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3D-printed prosthetic limbs: the next revolution in medicine
Feb 19, 2017
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/19/3d-printed-prosthetic-limbs-revolution-in-medicine
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BioBots bioprinter to complement cutting-edge research
May 07, 2015
A high-resolution desktop 3D bioprinter that builds functional 3D living tissue was shown recently at TechCrunch Disrupt in New York. The machine is significant as a less expensive way for researchers to build 3D functional structures of living tissue. BioBots is the name of the company behind the printer.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-05-biobots-bioprinter-complement-cutting-edge.html#jCp
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Team unlocks the mysteries of wound healing
March 13, 2015
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-03-team-mysteries-wound.html
Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered what causes and regulates collective cell migration, one of the most universal but least understood biological processes in all living organisms.
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New model, new choices for wound healing using electrical fields
Jun 05, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-choices-wound-electrical-fields.html#nRlv
Scientists at the University of Cincinnati are working on ways to wirelessly stimulate the body's own electrical fields to improve self-healing.
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Elastic, wound-healing hydrogel activated by light
July 5, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/elastic-wound-hydrogel-light/38312/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
Hydrogels have huge potential in the field of biomedicine, but aren't without their shortcomings in their existing form. These tiny polypeptide chains are championed for their many possible applications. Indeed, in the last few years alone we've seen advances that suggest they could find use in generating new heart tissue, fighting off superbugs and the controlled release of anti-inflammatory drugs. But researchers have now developed a hydrogel that mimics the elasticity of human tissue and can be activated by exposure to light, claiming it could offer safer means of repairing wounded tissue.
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New hydrogel aids skin regeneration to improve wound healing
December 18, 2015
Healing chronic skin wounds can be difficult, particularly when they span large areas, or when healing is complicated by health problems such as a lack of mobility. A team of researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) has worked to improve the process, creating a more effective method of regeneration through use of a new material that creates a porous scaffold, allowing wounds to heal more effectively.
http://www.gizmag.com/ucla-maps-porous-hydrogel/40977/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
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Breakthrough graphene production could trigger revolution in artificial skin development
Jun 25, 2015
A pioneering new technique to produce high-quality, low cost graphene could pave the way for the development of the first truly flexible 'electronic skin', that could be used in robots.
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-breakthrough-graphene-production-trigger-revolution.html#jCp
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New artificial skin can detect pressure and heat simultaneously
November 2, 2015
A team of researchers with Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology and Dong-A University, both in South Korea, has developed an artificial skin that can detect both pressure and heat with a high degree of sensitivity, at the same time. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the team describes how they created the skin, what they found in testing it and the other types of things it can sense.
http://techxplore.com/news/2015-11-artificial-skin-pressure-simultaneously.html
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Engineers create artificial skin that can send pressure sensation to brain cell
October 15, 2015
Stanford engineers have created a plastic "skin" that can detect how hard it is being pressed and generate an electric signal to deliver this sensory input directly to a living brain cell.
http://phys.org/news/2015-10-artificial-skin-pressure-sensation-brain.html
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Hybrid material that responds to heat and light presents future potential for 4D-printed adaptive devices
December 14, 2015
Combining photo-responsive fibers with thermo-responsive gels, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Swanson School of Engineering and Clemson University have modeled a new hybrid material that could reconfigure itself multiple times into different shapes when exposed to light and heat, allowing for the creation of devices that not only adapt to their environment, but also display distinctly different behavior in the presence of different stimuli.
http://phys.org/news/2015-12-hybrid-material-future-potential-4d-printed.html
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Stretchable, biocompatible hydrogels with complex patterning for tissue engineering
Jun 02, 2015
Researchers have developed a new way of making tough—but soft and wet—biocompatible materials, called "hydrogels," into complex and intricately patterned shapes. The process might lead to injectable materials for delivering drugs or cells into the body; scaffolds for regenerating load-bearing tissues; or tough but flexible actuators for future robots, the researchers say.
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-stretchable-biocompatible-hydrogels-complex-patterning.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Electrospinning technology in tissue regeneration.
Electrospinning is one of the most versatile and effective tools to produce nanostructured fibers in the biomedical science fields. The nanofibrous structure with diameters from tens to hundreds of nanometers largely mimics the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of many tissues. Thus far, a range of compositions including polymers and ceramics and their composites/hybrids have been successfully applied for generating electrospun nanofibers. Different processing tools in electrospinning set-ups and assemblies are currently developed to tune the morphology and properties of nanofibers. Herein, we demonstrate the electrospinning process and the electrospun biomaterials for specific use in tissue regeneration with some examples, involving different material combinations and fiber morphologies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042677
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Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration
2006 Dec 5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2373411/
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Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
Bioactive Mesoporous Silicas as Controlled Delivery Systems: Application in Bone Tissue Regeneration
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asp/jbn/2008/00000004/00000001/art00001
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New calcium phosphate foam could help repair damage due to osteoporoses
December 23, 2015
A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in France has developed a type of injectable foam that may serve as a means for treating osteoporoses and other bone degenerative diseases. The team has published a paper in the journal Acta Biomaterialia describing how they came up with the foam, how it works and the uses to which it might be put.
http://phys.org/news/2015-12-calcium-phosphate-foam-due-osteoporoses.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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A novel approach to periodontal tissue regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma using tissue engineering technology: A clinical case report.
http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/16939018
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A material to close deep wounds and promote skin regrowth
Researchers are developing a collagen-based tissue template to aid in skin repair.
June 20, 2011
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/20/health/la-he-artificial-skin-20110620
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Mighty Mouse Holds Secret for Regrowing Skin
September 26, 2012
http://www.livescience.com/23478-mouse-regeneration-skin-regrow.html
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Scientists sequence genome of worm that can regrow body parts, seeking stem cell insights
September 21, 2015
Tourists spending a recuperative holiday on the Italian coast may be envious of the regenerative abilities of locally found flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Named for its discovery near the Italian beach town of Lignano Sabbiadoro, this tiny worm can regenerate almost its whole body following an injury, and researchers have long been trying to understand how it's able to pull off this trick.
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-09-scientists-sequence-genome-worm-regrow.html
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Squid sucker teeth could advance human technology
July 3, 2014
There seems to be no end to the proposed human technologies based on attributes of the squid. The animals' beaks have inspired a material that could be used for medical implants, their muscles may lead us to color-changing clothing, the chitosan in their "pens" has been used to create a proton-conducting transistor, and their movements served as the inspiration for a soft-bodied robot. Now, it turns out that the teeth inside the suckers on their tentacles might be the basis for materials that could be used in fields such as reconstructive surgery.
http://www.gizmag.com/squid-sucker-teeth/32817/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
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Tissue engineering
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.
Examples
Bioartificial windpipe : The first procedure of regenerative medicine of an implantation of a "bioartificial" organ.
In vitro meat: Edible artificial animal muscle tissue cultured in vitro.
Bioartificial liver device: several research efforts have produced hepatic assist devices utilizing living hepatocytes.
Artificial pancreas: research involves using islet cells to produce and regulate insulin, particularly in cases of diabetes.
Artificial bladders: Anthony Atala (Wake Forest University) has successfully implanted artificially grown bladders into seven out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long-term experiment.
Cartilage: lab-grown tissue was successfully used to repair knee cartilage.
Scaffold-free cartilage: Cartilage generated without the use of exogenous scaffold material. In this methodology, all material in the construct is cellular or material produced directly by the cells themselves.
Doris Taylor's heart in a jar
Tissue-engineered airway
Tissue-engineered vessels
Artificial skin constructed from human skin cells embedded in a hydrogel, such as in the case of bioprinted constructs for battlefield burn repairs.
Artificial bone marrow
Artificial bone
Bioartificial windpipe : The first procedure of regenerative medicine of an implantation of a "bioartificial" organ.
In vitro meat: Edible artificial animal muscle tissue cultured in vitro.
Bioartificial liver device: several research efforts have produced hepatic assist devices utilizing living hepatocytes.
Artificial pancreas: research involves using islet cells to produce and regulate insulin, particularly in cases of diabetes.
Artificial bladders: Anthony Atala (Wake Forest University) has successfully implanted artificially grown bladders into seven out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long-term experiment.
Cartilage: lab-grown tissue was successfully used to repair knee cartilage.
Scaffold-free cartilage: Cartilage generated without the use of exogenous scaffold material. In this methodology, all material in the construct is cellular or material produced directly by the cells themselves.
Doris Taylor's heart in a jar
Tissue-engineered airway
Tissue-engineered vessels
Artificial skin constructed from human skin cells embedded in a hydrogel, such as in the case of bioprinted constructs for battlefield burn repairs.
Artificial bone marrow
Artificial bone
Laser-assisted BioPrinting (LaBP)
In a 2012 study, Koch et al. focused on whether Laser-assisted BioPrinting (LaBP) can be used to build multicellular 3D patterns in natural matrix, and whether the generated constructs are functioning and forming tissue. LaBP arranges small volumes of living cell suspensions in set high-resolution patterns. The investigation was successful, the researchers foresee that "generated tissue constructs might be used for in vivo testing by implanting them into animal models" (14). As of this study, only human skin tissue has been synthesized, though researchers project that "by integrating further cell types (e.g. melanocytes, Schwann cells, hair follicle cells) into the printed cell construct, the behavior of these cells in a 3D in vitro microenvironment similar to their natural one can be analyzed", useful for drug discovery and toxicology studies.
Self-assembly
Self-assembly may play an important role here, both from the perspective of encapsulating cells and proteins, as well as creating scaffolds on the right physical scale for engineered tissue constructs and cellular ingrowth. The micromasonry is a prime technology to get cells grown in a lab to assemble into three-dimensional shapes. To break down tissue into single-cell building blocks, researchers have to dissolve the extracellular mortar that normally binds them together. But once that glue is removed, it's quite difficult to get cells to reassemble into the complex structures that make up our natural tissues. While cells aren't easily stackable, building blocks are. So the micromasonry starts with the encapsulation of living cells in polymer cubes. From there, the blocks self-assemble in any shape using templates.
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What Aborted Fetuses Have to Do With Vaccines
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Ellen Grills Sandra Bullock On ADREN0CHR0ME Usage - The NPC Show Clips
Jul 9, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjHzVjkNdcc
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The Promise of Adult Stem Cells in Disease Management, Anti-Aging, and Life Extension
Nov 17, 2013http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/11/17/adult-stem-cells-therapy.aspx
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Internet Comment Etiquette: "Adrenochrome"
Jul 31, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnWs5I95MH4
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Conspiracy Round Table #27: Adrenochrome & Human Trafficking
https://www.reddit.com/r/conspiracy/comments/hlo2b5/rconspiracy_round_table_27_adrenochrome_human/
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ADRENOCHROME-ASSOCIATED WITH…
2019
https://exposingpedovore.wordpress.com/2019/02/22/adrenochrome-associated-with/
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The Orion Lines (Adrenochrome) {Debated}
https://www.theorionlines.com/
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AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE A GREATER SENSITIVITY TO ALPHA1-ADRENOCEPTOR-MEDIATED VENOCONSTRICTION COMPARED TO CAUCASIANS
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3627527/
Abstract
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Whites have a More Robust Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response to a Psychological Stressor than Blacks
2007
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2253947/
Summary
Objective
Differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress may confer differences in susceptibility to a variety of diseases. We hypothesized that whites would differ from blacks in HPA axis response to a psychological stressor.
Design
Healthy subjects aged 18–30 were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland. At initial assessment, they completed psychometric tests measuring anxiety, mood, and personality. Subjects then participated in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), which consisted of 10 min of public speaking and mental arithmetic exercises. Subjective anxiety was measured immediately pre- and post-TSST. Race effects on cortisol, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), and prolactin responses to the TSST were analyzed by GEE longitudinal analysis methods. The analysis controlled for gender, baseline hormone levels, socioeconomic factors, anxiety, mood, and dimensions of personality.
Results
Conclusions
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The Promise of Adult Stem Cells in Disease Management, Anti-Aging, and Life Extension
Nov 17, 2013
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/11/17/adult-stem-cells-therapy.aspx
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Adrenochrome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenochrome
Adrenochrome is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H9NO3 produced by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine). The derivative carbazochrome is a hemostatic medication. Despite a similarity in chemical names, it is unrelated to chrome or chromium.
Legal status
Adrenochrome is unscheduled by the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. It is not an approved drug product by the Food and Drug Administration, and if produced as a dietary supplement it must comply with good manufacturing practice.
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{We currently see different reports on human cells being used in vaccines and other products. It is debated if companies are trying to genetically engineer similar types of products for human consumption and in food products}.
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Products That Use Aborted Fetuses
April 23rd, 2019
https://www.hli.org/resources/products-that-use-aborted-fetuses/
Products related to fetal material can be broken down into roughly 3 categories: artificial flavors, cosmetics, and medicines/vaccines.
1. Food and Drink
To be clear, food and beverages do not contain any aborted fetal material; however, they may be tastier because of it. How is that?
The American biotech company Senomyx has developed chemical additives that can enhance flavor and smell. To do this, they had to produce an army of never-tiring taste testers–that is, flavor receptors engineered from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293, fetal cell line popular in pharmaceutical research).1 These artificial taste buds can tell product developers which products the public will crave. The goal is to do a taste bud “sleight of hand,” creating low-sugar and low-sodium products that taste sweet or salty while actually using less sugar or sodium in the product.
The American biotech company Senomyx has developed chemical additives that can enhance flavor and smell. To do this, they had to produce an army of never-tiring taste testers–that is, flavor receptors engineered from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293, fetal cell line popular in pharmaceutical research).1 These artificial taste buds can tell product developers which products the public will crave. The goal is to do a taste bud “sleight of hand,” creating low-sugar and low-sodium products that taste sweet or salty while actually using less sugar or sodium in the product.
Does your Nestle Coffee-mate Pumpkin Spice refrigerated creamer taste more like autumn? Does your Maggi bouillon taste just like chicken? Thank Senomyx.
The laboratory-created artificial enhancers do not have to be tested at length by the FDA because the Senomyx chemical “flavor compounds are used in proportions less than one part per million” and can be classified as artificial flavors.2
In 2005, Senomyx had contracts to develop products for Kraft Foods, Nestle, Campbell Soup and Coca-Cola.2 However, when it was discovered in 2011 that PepsiCo was using Senomyx to develop a reduced sugar beverage, a boycott ensued that caused Kraft-Cadbury Adams LLC and Campbell Soup cancelled their contracts with Senomyx. In a 2012 letter to Children of God for Life, PepsiCo stated, “Senomyx does not use HEK cells or any other tissues or cell lines derived from human embryos or fetuses for research performed on behalf of PepsiCo.” To that effect, PepsiCo is working with Senomyx on two products developed with Sweetmyx 617, a new Senomyx sweet taste modifier.
In November 2018, the Swiss company Firmenich acquired Senomyx, Inc. Firmenich describes itself as “a global leader in taste innovation and expert in sweet, cooling and bitter solutions.”
2. Cosmetics
The fountain of youth…is babies.
Commercially, it’s known as Processed Skin Proteins (PSP), developed at the University of Lausanne to heal burns and wounds by regenerating traumatized skin. The fetal skin cell line was taken from an electively aborted baby whose body was donated to the University.
Neocutis, a San Francisco-based firm, uses PSP in some of their anti-aging skin products. Their website claims the trademarked PSP “harnesses the power of Human Growth Factors, Interleukins and other Cytokines, to help deliver state-of-the-art skin revitalization.”
3. Vaccines and Medicine
The Vaccine Card at the Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute (SCPI) website lists over 21 vaccines and medical products that contain aborted fetal cell lines. The Card is updated yearly, and also lists ethical vaccine alternatives when there are any. The morality of using these vaccines is a complicated issue; see this article for more detailed information.
A Better Option
According to Dr. David A. Prentice Vice, President of the Charlotte Lozier Institute and Adjunct Professor of Molecular Genetics at the John Paul II Institute, adult stem cells are the benchmark for research that has led to actual cures for patients: “The superiority of adult stem cells in the clinic and the mounting evidence supporting their effectiveness in regeneration and repair make adult stem cells the gold standard of stem cells for patients.”
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Sickening: Major food corporations use tissue from aborted babies to manufacture flavor additives in processed foods
April 15, 2015
(NaturalNews) Every time you purchase mass-produced processed "food" from the likes of Kraft, PepsiCo, or Nestle, you're choosing, whether you realize it or not, to feed your family not only genetically engineered poisons and chemical additives, but also various flavoring agents manufactured using the tissue of aborted human babies.
It's true: A company based out of California, known as Senomyx, is in the business of using aborted embryonic cells to test fake flavoring chemicals, both savory and sweet, which are then added to things like soft drinks, candy and cookies. And Senomyx has admittedly partnered with a number of major food manufacturers to lace its cannibalistic additives into all sorts of factory foods scarfed down by millions of American consumers every single day.
Known as "HEK-293," the aborted human fetal cell line used by Senomyx is manipulated to evaluate how the human palate will react to synthetic flavors used in the production of processed foods. Since most processed foods on the market today are hardly food to begin with, and typically lack any real flavor or appeal on their own, chemical companies like Senomyx are hired to develop artificial ones (which are often deceptively labeled as "natural flavors") in order to make them taste like real food.
http://www.naturalnews.com/049367_aborted_babies_flavor_chemicals_food_corporations.html
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Clinton Responds To Accusations That Planned Parenthood Sells ‘Aborted Baby Parts’
Accusations that Planned Parenthood inappropriately profits off the sale of aborted fetuses are part of a “concerted attack” against both the organization and women’s ability to choose whether to have an abortion, presidential candidate Hillary Clinton said on Thursday.
“I think it is unfortunate that Planned Parenthood has been the object of such a concerted attack for so many years,” the Democratic front-runner said at an event in Greenville, South Carolina. “And it’s really an attack against a woman’s right to choose, to make the most personal, difficult decisions that any woman would face, based on her faith and the medical advice that she’s given.”
The comments represented Clinton’s first mention of the controversy, spurred last week by an organization called the Center for Medical Progress. The organization had secretly filmed a Planned Parenthood employee discussing the cost of handling fetal tissue samples. The employee, Dr. Deborah Nutacola, had believed she was speaking with buyers from a biological company, but was actually meeting with actors working for the organization.
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Planned Parenthood Touts Seven-Figure Ad Buy for Hillary Clinton
28 Feb 2016
Any American who says abortion is not an important issue in the 2016 campaign will get an argument from abortion-business leader Planned Parenthood, which is promising to spend a seven-figure sum to aid Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in Michigan, Virginia, and Texas.
http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/02/28/planned-parenthood-touts-7-figure-ad-buy-for-hillary-clinton/
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Chapter 4: Nanotechnology & Biotechnology
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Synthesized Nanoparticles Act As Artificial Viruses for Gene Therapy
04/09/2015
Researchers of the Nanobiology Unit from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, led by Antonio Villaverde, managed to create artificial viruses, protein complexes with the ability of self-assembling and forming nanoparticles which are capable of surrounding DNA fragments, penetrating the cells and reaching the nucleus in a very efficient manner, where they then release the therapeutic DNA fragments. The achievement represents an alternative with no biological risk to the use of viruses in gene therapy.
http://www.cemag.us/news/2015/04/synthesized-nanoparticles-act-artificial-viruses-gene-therapy
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With new technology for cell construction, we must be cautious of certain groups that could abuse synthesized viruses, including genetic bacteria for the wrong purposes.
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New microscope technique could speed identification of deadly bacteria
June 8th, 2015
A new way of rapidly identifying bacteria, which requires a slight modification to a simple microscope, may change the way doctors approach treatment for patients who develop potentially deadly infections and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South Korea.
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-microscope-technique-identification-deadly-bacteria.html#jCp
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PROTACs: A New Type of Drug That Can Target All Disease-Causing Proteins
June 11, 2015
http://scitechdaily.com/protacs-a-new-type-of-drug-that-can-target-all-disease-causing-proteins/
A newly published study from Yale University details the discovery of a new type of drug, called Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), which can target all disease-causing proteins.
Current drugs block the actions of only about a quarter of known disease-causing proteins, but Yale University researchers have developed a technology capable of not just inhibiting, but destroying every protein it targets.
The new type of drug, called Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), also can continue to destroy mutant proteins in mouse tumors, according to a new study published June 10 in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.
“This new drug modality culminates a decade of work in the field by my lab,” said Craig Crews, the Lewis B. Cullman Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and senior author of the paper, which was done in collaboration with scientists from GlaxoSmithKline and Arvinas, LLC.
Almost all current drugs are small molecules designed to fit into the folds of disease-causing proteins and inhibit their function. High doses are often needed to ensure that protein function is blocked sufficiently to produce therapeutic results, which in turn can produce harmful side effects.
In contrast, PROTACs engage the cells’ own protein degradation machinery to destroy targeted proteins by tagging them for removal and can do so multiple times, meaning it can work at lower doses, the authors say. This suggests this new type of drug has not only the potential to target proteins that are not currently “pharmaceutically vulnerable” but could do so safely, Crews said.
“This is a game-changer for drug development,” Crews said.
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The future of medicine could be found in this tiny crystal ball
February 4, 2016
A Drexel University materials scientist has discovered a way to grow a crystal ball in a lab. Not the kind that soothsayers use to predict the future, but a microscopic version that could be used to encapsulate medication in a way that would allow it to deliver its curative payload more effectively inside the body.
http://phys.org/news/2016-02-future-medicine-tiny-crystal-ball.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Subsurface discovery sprouts a new branch on the tree of life
June 23, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-06-subsurface-discovery-tree-life.html#jCp
Bacteria are enigmatic by nature, minuscule but staggeringly—sometimes alarmingly—ubiquitous. As critical drivers of everything from global biogeochemical cycles to million dollar industries, they are the little cogs that keep our planet going. They even control our brains!
The study of bacteria is hindered because the vast majority of them cannot be cultured or grown in the lab. With the 1977 advent of a molecular technique that enabled culture-independent surveys, microbiologists thought they had a handle on the breadth of microbial diversity on earth.
They were wrong.
Last week a study published in Nature pulled the veil on a branch of the bacterial tree of life that has evaded detection for nearly a century and a half. The study, led by Christopher Brown, who is a PhD candidate in microbial biology at the University of California in Berkeley, used cutting edge genome sequencing and savvy bioinformatics techniques to make this remarkable discovery.
It all started at an abandoned uranium milling site on the banks of the Colorado River in a town called Rifle. This location, contaminated with toxic byproducts of uranium milling, has been a test ground for researchers experimenting on how microbes can be harnessed to bioremediate or clean the environment.
Previously, researchers found that when naturally occurring microbes were supplied with a food source—the simple carbon compound acetate—a fortuitous biochemical reaction ensued. When stimulated to grow, a certain group of bacteria utilized the soluble uranium present in the soil and converted it to an insoluble form. Once insoluble, the uranium would be less apt to flow through groundwater and into the adjacent Colorado River.
Researchers posit microscopic processes like this could be capitalized upon at other contaminated sites to prevent the spread of toxins to drinking water.
Current research at the Rifle site aims to delve into the ecology of the small but mighty members of this microbial community. In this most recent study, Brown and colleagues went about this by pumping groundwater through a series of filters to capture cells—some of the tiniest free living organisms ever documented.
DNA from these microbial communities was extracted en masse, sequenced into millions of short snippets, then put back together like a jigsaw puzzle—a one so big it necessitated a powerful supercomputer to finish. In the end, this process yielded nearly 800 complete or near-complete microbial genomes.
Even considering the strength of modern high throughput sequencing technology, the recovery of 800 genomes is impressive—especially considering the very first bacterial genome was completed just 20 years ago and required a prodigious entourage of researchers.
Especially surprising about these genomes recovered by Brown and colleagues is that when they tried to place them on the Tree of Life amongst other known bacteria, they didn't fit.
In these ultra small organisms, the marker genes typically used in the previously mentioned culture-independent identification experiment were riddled with extra stretches of DNA called insertion sequences.
"We were really surprised to find how diverse these groups are within the bacterial domain, and just how consistently different the organisms within this radiation are from the rest of bacteria," Brown said in a statement.
These bacteria cannot be grown in lab cultures. To further complicate things, it is predicted that between 50-100 percent of bacteria in some of the groups they discovered would be completely missed using the standard molecular techniques.
Currently the tree of life is divided into three kingdoms. Bacteria and Archaea are two branches, each composed solely of unicellular organisms. The third kingdom is Eukarya, which encompasses all multicellular life forms and some unicellular microbes as well.
The finding of this paper "represents a substantial modification of the tree of life," corresponding author Jill Banfield said in a statement. "These new major features on the tree of life mean that it probably won't be the simple three-domain view we have now," Banfield said.
These novel bacteria at the Rifle site provide a tantalizing glimpse into microscopic worlds yet to be discovered in other locales. Like the communities at Rifle, other undiscovered bacterial groups could be an untapped resource for beneficial environmental applications.
"People have seen these bacteria in surveys of many different environments all over the planet" Brown said. The next step is to find them.
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Newfound groups of bacteria are mixing up the tree of life
Jun 15, 2015
http://news.berkeley.edu/2015/06/15/newfound-groups-of-bacteria-are-mixing-up-the-tree-of-life/
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Making Drugs Out of Dirt Is Really Hard
January 26, 2015
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/making-drugs-from-dirt-is-really-hard
If you’re looking for new medicines, a good place to search is in the dirt. Many of the molecules that have made human life simpler—like those used i?n antibiotics—have been found by simply analyzing the ground, where microorganisms work relentlessly to synthesize precious, possibly curative stuff.
The good news is that there are very likely still some useful products buried in the world’s dirt. The less good news is that coming across them is very hard.
A team of biologists of Rockefeller University in New York recently launched the website Drug?s from Dirt. The site is a clarion call for people around the world to grab a shovel and send samples of soil to the folks at the university, who will scour them for interesting elements. The same team also published a pa?per this month in which they underline how recent analyses “suggest the existence of an enormous untapped reservoir of natural-product-encoding biosynthetic gene clusters in the environment.”
I got in touch with Sea?n Brady, one of the authors of the paper and head of the university’s Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, to ask him what the deal was with dirt and drugs.
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Assessing the biosimilarity of protein drugs: New study shows method's precision
February 5, 2016
A first-ever interlaboratory study of four versions of a therapeutic protein drug—all manufactured from living cells—reports that an established analytical tool akin to magnetic resonance imaging reliably assessed the atomic structures of the biologically similar products, yielding the equivalent of a fingerprint for each.
The findings, described today in Nature Biotechnology, demonstrate that the method—known as two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or 2D-NMR—"can be a robust and powerful complementary technique for companies and regulators" when assessing these biosimilars, said Robert Brinson, a research chemist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This type of assessment is part of a set of comparisons required to determine whether a follow-on biological product is highly similar to an existing product, so that there is no "clinically meaningful" difference between the two.
"Other analytical methods provide useful information, but 2D-NMR is one of the few approaches that can yield complete assignment of three-dimensional structure across the entire molecule in solution at atomic-level resolution," Brinson explains. "Our study indicates that 2D-NMR data can yield a precise and unique 'fingerprint' of structural information in a biological product," he said.
http://phys.org/news/2016-02-biosimilarity-protein-drugs-method-precision.html?utm_source=menu&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=item-menu
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Researchers may have discovered fountain of youth by reversing aging in human cells
May 27, 2015
http://www.gizmag.com/reversal-of-aging-human-cell-lines/37721/
Researchers in Japan have found that human aging may be able to be delayed or even reversed, at least at the most basic level of human cell lines. In the process, the scientists from the University of Tsukuba also found that regulation of two genes is related to how we age.
The new findings challenge one of the current popular theories of aging, that lays the blame for humans' inevitable downhill slide with mutations that accumulate in our mitochondrial DNA over time. Mitochondrion are sometimes likened to a cellular "furnace" that produces energy through cellular respiration. Damage to the mitochondrial DNA results in changes or mutations in the DNA sequence that build up and are associated with familiar signs of aging like hair loss, osteoporosis and, of course, reduced lifespan.
So goes the theory, at least. But the Tsukuba researchers suggest that something else may be going on within our cells. Their research indicates that the issue may not be that mitochondrial DNA become damaged, but rather that genes get turned "off" or "on" over time. Most intriguing, the team led by Professor Jun-Ichi Hayashi was able to flip the switches on a few genes back to their youthful position, effectively reversing the aging process.
The researchers came to this conclusion by comparing the function level of the mitochondria in fibroblast cell lines from children under 12 years of age to those of elderly people between 80 and 97. As expected, the older cells had reduced cellular respiration, but the older cells did not show more DNA damage than those from children. This discovery led the team to propose that the reduced cellular function is tied to epigenetic regulation, changes that alter the physical structure of DNA without affecting the DNA sequence itself, causing genes to be turned on or off. Unlike mutations that damage that sequence, as in the other, aforementioned theory of aging, epigenetic changes could possibly be reversed by genetically reprogramming cells to an embryonic stem cell-like state, effectively turning back the clock on aging.
For a broad comparison, imagine that a power surge hits your home's electrical system. If not properly wired, irreversible damage or even fire may result. However, imagine another home in which the same surge trips a switch in this home's circuit breaker box. Simply flipping that breaker back to the "on" position should make it operate as good as new. In essence, the Tsukuba team is proposing that our DNA may not become fried with age as previously thought, but rather simply requires someone to access its genetic breaker box to reverse aging.
To test the theory, the researchers found two genes associated with mitochondrial function and essentially experimented with turning them on or off. In doing so, they were able to create defects or restore cellular respiration. These two genes regulate glycine, an amino acid, production in mitochondria, and in one of the more promising findings, a 97-year-old cell line saw its cellular respiration restored after the addition of glycine for 10 days.
The researchers' findings were published this month in the journal Scientific Reports.
Whether or not this process could be a potential fountain of youth for humans and not just human fibroblast cell lines still remains to be seen, with much more testing required. However, if the theory holds, glycine supplements could one day become a powerful tool for life extension.
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The Fountain of Youth: 10 Stories About Our Obsession With Living Forever
Our longing to turn back the clock has brought us everything from pricey face creams to cryogenic chambers.
https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the-fountain-of-youth-10-stories-about-our-obsession-with-living-forever?utm_source=pocket-newtab
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A barrier against brain stem cell aging
September 17, 2015
Neural stem cells generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. However, with advancing age the potential for regeneration in the brain dramatically declines. Scientists of the University of Zurich now identified a novel mechanism of how neural stem cells stay relatively free of aging-induced damage. A diffusion barrier regulates the sorting of damaged proteins during cell division.
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-barrier-brain-stem-cell-aging.html#jCp
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Researchers discover surprisingly wide variation across species in genetic systems that influence aging
May 28th, 2015
http://phys.org/news/2015-05-surprisingly-wide-variation-species-genetic.html
A new Iowa State University study focusing on insulin signaling uncovered surprising genetic diversity across reptiles, birds and mammals.
The research sets the stage for an improved understanding of metabolism, growth and aging and may have implications for medicine and human health, said Anne Bronikowski, an associate professor of ecology, evolution and organismal biology and a lead author of the study.
Insulin signaling is a critical biological process that governs the rate at which cells grow and divide and ultimately regulates aging. Scientists previously assumed the process remained much the same throughout the animal kingdom. But the new research shows that the genetic pathways in reptiles evolved to include protein forms not observed in mammals, a finding that suggestions these proteins carry out new or additional functions in reptiles.
The researchers looked at a molecular network known as the insulin/insulin-like signaling and target of rapamycin network (IIS/TOR). Because the IIS/TOR network regulates critical aspects of animal biology, scientists have long speculated that the network would work more or less the same in most animal species.
Bronikowski and Fred Janzen, a professor of ecology, evolution and organismal biology, completed the study along with former and current members of their labs. The research team compared the genomes of mammals and birds with 17 reptile species. The team found an abundance of variation in the hormones and receptors of the network, which bucks the conventional wisdom and indicates that hormones delivered through insulin likely undertake additional functions in reptiles.
"The study provides a critical step toward understanding how the IIS/TOR network may regulate variation in metabolism, modes of reproduction and rates of aging," Bronikowski said. "It highlights genetic variants that occur in nature that may be useful in a human health context. It therefore lays the groundwork for future research to identify natural genetic variants that may work together to alter the function of this network, which may lend insight into metabolic and aging diseases and treatments."
Previous studies of insulin signaling have focused on species commonly used as laboratory models, such as mice, fruit flies and nematodes. The new study compared 66 species, including 17 reptile species for which the research group had to generate transcriptome data – or the set of all RNA molecules in a particular genome – because the data didn't exist previously. The team was able to sequence the reptile data with the help of support from the ISU Center for Integrated Animal Genomics.
The wide range of variation discovered by the study may suggest that the insulin signaling network could be targeted by new medical therapies to treat conditions associated with aging, Bronikowski said.
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"Avatar" project aims for human immortality by 2045
July 25, 2012
http://www.gizmag.com/avatar-project-2045/23454/
Russian media magnate Dmitry Itskov is heading "Avatar," a tremendously ambitious and far-reaching multidisciplinary research project that aims to achieve immortality in humans within the next three decades. He plans to do it by housing human brains in progressively more disembodied vehicles, first transplanting them into robots and then, by the year 2045, by reverse-engineering the human brain and effectively "downloading" human consciousness onto a computer chip.
Fact or fiction?
When speculating on seemingly unobtainable goals such as this, one must be careful not to believe that improbable technological advances automatically become more likely simply by looking further away in the future. This is the cognitive trap that, for instance, has seen many leading IT experts predict the development of a human-level artificial intelligence at roughly twenty years in the future for at least the past five decades
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Can We Reprogram Our DNA and Heal Ourselves With Frequency, Vibration & Energy?
March 5, 2014
http://www.wakingtimes.com/2014/03/05/reprogram-dna-heal-ourselves-frequency-vibration-energy/
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Novel UV-mediated mode of DNA repair
December 22, 2015
UV light damages DNA. But LMU researchers now show that it can also mediate non-enzymatic repair of one type of damage, albeit in a specific context. This effect may have played vital role in early evolution of living systems.The ultraviolet fraction of sunlight triggers photochemical reactions in the DNA molecules that make up the hereditary material in our cells. These reactions can result in alterations in the DNA structure which lead to mutations that may cause cell death or promote tumorigenesis. LMU researchers led by Professor Thomas Carell, who holds the Chair of Bioorganic Chemistry, and Wolfgang Zinth, Professor of Biomolecular Optics, have now shown that the DNA itself can repair one of the most common types of UV-mediated damage by a non-enzymatic mechanism which is itself dependent on UV. The new findings appear in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Cells possess a variety of complex, enzyme-based mechanisms which are used for the repair of damaged DNA, and this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three researchers for work on the elucidation of these mechanisms. The team led by Zinth and Carell, have now discovered the first instance of a sequence-dependent repair mechanism which does not require the participation of enzymes at all.
http://phys.org/news/2015-12-uv-mediated-mode-dna.html
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Scientists Prove DNA Can Be Reprogrammed by Words and Frequencies
Aug 2, 2012
THE HUMAN DNA IS A BIOLOGICAL INTERNET and superior in many aspects to the artificial one. Russian scientific research directly or indirectly explains phenomena such as clairvoyance, intuition, spontaneous and remote acts of healing, self healing, affirmation techniques, unusual light/auras around people (namely spiritual masters), mind’s influence on weather patterns and much more. In addition, there is evidence for a whole new type of medicine in which DNA can be influenced and reprogrammed by words and frequencies WITHOUT cutting out and replacing single genes.
http://wakeup-world.com/2011/07/12/scientist-prove-dna-can-be-reprogrammed-by-words-frequencies/
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Scientists Can Now Pull the DNA of Ancient Humans Out of Cave Dirt
Apr 27, 2017
The technique will allow researchers to study Neanderthals and other prehistoric people without relying on fossils.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/04/ancient-dna-sediment-neanderthal-denisovan/524433/
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Engineers invent process to accelerate protein evolution
December 7, 2015
All living things require proteins, members of a vast family of molecules that nature "makes to order" according to the blueprints in DNA.
Through the natural process of evolution, DNA mutations generate new or more effective proteins. Humans have found so many alternative uses for these molecules - as foods, industrial enzymes, anti-cancer drugs - that scientists are eager to better understand how to engineer protein variants designed for specific uses.
Now Stanford engineers have invented a technique to dramatically accelerate protein evolution for this purpose. This technology, described in Nature Chemical Biology, allows researchers to test millions of variants of a given protein, choose the best for some task and determine the DNA sequence that creates this variant.
"Evolution, the survival of the fittest, takes place over a span of thousands of years, but we can now direct proteins to evolve in hours or days," said Jennifer Cochran, a professor of bioengineering who co-authored the paper with Thomas Baer, director of the Stanford Photonics Research Center.
http://phys.org/news/2015-12-protein-evolution.html
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Chapter 5: Vaccines
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Whistleblower Tells All About Forced Vaccination
(Oct 16, 2015)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRSc2-wRlrQ
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The Vaccine Whistleblower The Main Stream Media Does Not Want You To Know About
( April 3rd, 2016 )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBNnR9b4F_s
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Explosive: The real reason Holistic Doctors are being killed and vanishing!
( Jul 23, 2015 )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cALgIHETMDU
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Anti-vaccine doctor behind ‘dangerous’ autism therapy found dead. Family cries foul.
June 29, 2015
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/29/anti-vaccine-doctor-behind-dangerous-autism-therapy-found-dead-family-cries-foul/
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Nagalase: Friend and Foe?
What is Nagalase?
Nagalase is a protein made by all cancer cells and viruses (HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, herpes, Epstein-Barr virus, and others). Its formal, official chemical name is alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, but this is such a tongue-twisting mouthful of a moniker that we usually just call it “Nagalase.” (Sometimes, when I want to impress friends with my brilliance, I’ll say the entire word real fast: “alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase.” I have found that it’s important to practice beforehand if one doesn’t want to embarrass oneself.)
Why is Nagalase important?
Nagalase causes immunodeficiency. Nagalase blocks production of GcMAF, thus preventing the immune system from doing its job. Without an active immune system, cancer and viral infections can grow unchecked.
As an extremely sensitive marker for all cancers, Nagalase provides a powerful system for early detection.
Serial Nagalase testing provides a reliable and accurate method for tracking the results of any therapeutic regimen for cancer, AIDS, or other chronic viral infection.
Nagalase proves that cancer cells break all the rules
Normal healthy cells cooperate with one another in a concerted effort to further the good of all. Cancer cells refuse to play ball. Their disdainful attitude toward the rest of our cellular community is appalling. For example, these cellular scofflaws ignore clear messages to stop growing and spreading and encroaching on their neighbor’s space. How would you like it if your neighbor moved his fence over into your backyard?
Of all the rules cancer cells break, none is more alarming than the production of Nagalase, the evil enzyme that completely hog-ties the immune system army’s ability to stop cancer cells.
Virus particles also make Nagalase. Their goal is the same as that of the cancer cells: survival by incapacitating their number one enemy: the immune system.
Nagalase precision
Like a stealth bomber, the Nagalase enzyme synthesized in and released from a cancer cell or a virus particle pinpoints the GcMAF production facilities on the surface of your T and B lymphocytes and then wipes them out with an incredibly precise bomb. How precise? Let me put it this way: Nagalase locates and attacks one specific two-electron bond located at, and only at, the 420th amino acid position on a huge protein molecule (DBP), one of tens of thousands of proteins, each containing millions of electrons. This is like selectively taking out a park bench in a major city from six thousand miles away. More astonishing, if that is possible, Nagalase never misses its target. There is no collateral damage.
As you already know, GcMAF is a cell-signaling glycoprotein that talks to macrophages, enabling them to rapidly find, attack, and kill viruses and cancer cells. By activating macrophages, GcMAF triggers a cascade that activates the entire immune system. Blockage of GcMAF production by Nagalase brings all this wonderful anti-cancer and anti-viral immune activity to a screeching halt, allowing cancer and infections to spread.
Nagalase testing: former mass murderer now works for the good guys
It’s easy to be a little schizy about Nagalase. On the one hand, this nasty protein’s behavior toward us has been reprehensible and disastrous. Working in cahoots with cancer and HIV—not shy about getting into bed with our mortal enemies—Nagalase can rightfully claim direct responsibility for billions of human deaths. And it would just as soon add you to the list, so we don’t have to be shy about placing Nagalase in the “genocidal murderer” column.
With the advent of Nagalase testing, however, this bad actor now will be harnessed to a useful purpose. By providing us with precise and reliable advance information about enemy operations, Nagalase blood level testing becomes a “Deep Throat” double agent for cancer. He helps us by giving us an early warning sign.
http://gcmaf.timsmithmd.com/book/chapter/52
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Is This the Real Story of What Happened Regarding Nagalase?
February 25, 2016
During several months of 2015, numerous physicians, who were researching the causes of autism and successfully healing autistics, suddenly met with untimely deaths, or what’s been referred to as “suicided.” Who knows what really happened; all we know is that those physicians no longer are on Planet Earth.
http://www.activistpost.com/2016/02/is-this-the-real-story-of-what-happened-regarding-nagalase.html
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Doctors Who Discovered Cancer Enzymes In Vaccines All Found Murdered
Feb 20, 2016
Not long ago, Neon Nettle reported on the epidemic of doctors being murdered, most of which were in Florida, U.S. The scientists all shared a common trait, they had all discovered that nagalase enzyme protein was being added to vaccines which were then administrated to humans.Nagalese is what prevents vitamin D from being produced in the body, which is the body’s main defence to naturally kill cancer cells.
According to Thebigriddle.com: Nagalase is a protein that’s also created by all cancer cells. This protein is also found in very high concentrations in autistic children. And they’re PUTTING it in our vaccines!!
This prevents the body from utilizing the Vitamin D necessary to fight cancer and prevent autism. Nagalese disables the immune system. It’s also known to cause Type 2 Diabetes. So basically…they weren’t killing these doctors because they had found the cure to cancer or were successfully treating autism… they’re killing them because these Dr’s had been researching and had the evidence that the vaccines they’re injecting our precious children with are CAUSING our current cancer and autism crisis!!
And that it’s obviously being done knowingly and on purpose! The Dr’s they killed in FL had been collaborating and were getting ready to go public with the information.
Two doctors, Bradstreet and Gonzalez, were planning on publishing their findings, which centered around nagalase and GcMAF, a definite “smoking gun” if they would have been able to pull the trigger on their alleged findings regarding nagalase in vaccines.
Dr Ted Broer of HealthMasters.com tells the story, as he knows it, in two exceptionally remarkable videos below, which I think everyone who is undecided about vaccines and vaccinations ought to listen to carefully, as Dr Broer explains some of what happens to infants, in the way of reactions after vaccinations, is explained plus why it, “the encephalitic scream,” [1,2] happens biochemically. Pediatricians and family doctors say that’s “normal” and to let baby cry it out! See what you think!
http://cancerremedies.net/doctors-who-discovered-cancer-enzymes-in-vaccines-all-found-murdered/
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Dr. Bradstreet, Nagalase, and the Viral Issue in Autism
In the past months Dr. Bradstreet has become interested in nagalese, which he describes as an enzyme "produced by cancer cells and viruses." He thinks it unlikely that children with autism have undiagnosed cancers, and thus suspicion falls on a viral etiology. Dr. Bradstreet writes, "Viruses make the nagalese enzyme as part of their attachment proteins. It serves to get the virus into the cell and also decreases the body's immune reaction to the virus-thereby increasing the odds of viral survival."
Further on Dr. Bradstreet writes, "It is reasonable and likely that the nature of the immune dysfunction and the frequently observed autoimmune problems in autism are mediated by persistent, unresolved viral infections." He claims to have tested approximately 400 children with autism for the viral marker, nagalese, and found that nearly 80% have significantly elevated levels. He hopes to publish soon on this study and believes this information "is one of the most important developments in the clinical treatment of children on the spectrum that I have experienced in the last 15 years."
Dr. Bradstreet also discusses a substance called GcMAF, which I don't have enough information about to make an informed judgment, and that after viral clearance, the possibility of using neuronal stem cells which can cross the blood-brain barrier. I really can't comment on the advisability of either suggestion.
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/10/dr-bradstreet-nagalase-and-the-viral-issue-in-autism.html
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VACCINE INGREDIENTS (POISONS)
[These are injected directly into the body, more so in combination. You can see these listed on the Package Inserts, apart from well hidden ones such as Peanut oil and Msg. Poisons deplete nutrients that are crucial defences against infections! Then you have Contaminants like SV40 that is still in the polio vaccines1. Then you may get a badly made batch (see: Vaccine production/manufacturing Vaccination mistakes Vaccine storage), called Hot lots leading to Vaccine Disasters. Then you may get one of their bioweapons, see: Nagalase Vaccine attack. Then the risk rises if your child is ill, they reject sick kids in vaccine trials (see: Healthy trial babies only), then give it to all and sundry including mercury containing flu vaccines for pregnant women 1. Hence the term vaccine roulette, where you take ALL the risk, they get ALL the benefit (see: Why Vaccination Continues.]
[2015 pdf] Vaccine contents Included in U.S. Vaccines, by Vaccine this table includes not only vaccine ingredients (e.g., adjuvants and preservatives), but also substances used during the manufacturing process, including vaccine-production media, that are removed from the final product and present only in trace quantities. In addition to the substances listed, most vaccines contain Sodium Chloride (table salt).
http://www.whale.to/vaccine/vaccines/ingredients.html
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GcMAF research (Vaccines)
https://gcmaf.se/
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GcMAF
Update July 16 2015: GcMAF is no longer available as the company that made it was shutdown by overseas regulatory agencies. As always, consult your doctor before making any medical decisions on any therapy you may be considering.
http://www.betterhealthguy.com/gcmaf
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Lyme Disease and GcMAF
Sep 2, 2012
David Noakes talks about the treatment of Lyme Disease with First Immune GcMAF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhC6YqIatM
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WHO Ranks Antibiotics To Fight Life-Threatening Antibiotic Resistance
WHO say some drug companies will take a financial hit
August 3, 2017https://www.infowars.com/who-ranks-antibiotics-to-fight-life-threatening-antibiotic-resistance/
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Breaking: Interview with Vaxxed Producer who was Banned from Australia
Doctors, medical bureaucrats, and government officials in Australia are foaming at the mouth
August 9, 2017Polly Tommey, producer of the famous documentary, Vaxxed (trailer), has been banned from Australia. If that sounds quite insane—it is.
Vaxxed has been screening across the world. It is an explosive revelation about egregious fraud at the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
The film focuses on the 2014 public confession of a long-time researcher at the CDC, William Thompson. Thompson admits that he and his colleagues committed a crime, by manipulating data to give the MMR vaccine a free pass, “proving” it had no connection to autism—when in fact, as Thompson states, the vaccine does raise the risk of autism in children.
https://www.infowars.com/breaking-interview-with-vaxxed-producer-who-was-banned-from-australia/
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Five Dangerous Dog Vaccine Ingredients
1. Aluminium
2. Thimerosal
3. Contaminants
Contaminants found in vaccines are also behind many of the adverse reactions we see in dogs. “Contaminant” means anything that shouldn’t be there. That’s anything impure or unclean, is toxic or poisonous, or has the ability to create disease. Vaccines contain contaminants that can cause cancer, leukemia, autoimmune diseases and a myriad of other unwanted conditions.An important scientific paper was published in April 2010 in the Journal of Virology (Isolation of an Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus [RD-114] in a Proportion of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pets, Journal of Virology, April 2010, p 3690-3694, Vol 84, No 7). It showed how two teams of scientists, in Japan and the UK, isolated a feline retrovirus (called RD-114) in both feline and canine vaccines in the UK and Japan. Had teams from America, or Germany, or Kazakhstan also been looking, they would probably have found the retrovirus, too. The contamination involved seed stock – the witches’ brew of disease shared amongst vaccine manufacturers internationally, from which they make their vaccines.
The following are extracts from a related paper appearing in Biologicals in 2010. “RD-114 was first isolated from a human tumor cell line (RD cells) derived from a human rhabdomyosarcoma after passage through fetal cats, and is thought to be xenotropic.”
Translation: they found this cat retrovirus in a highly malignant human tumor. “Xenotropic” means that it will be harmless in the original host species, but will cause problems (like tumors) in a different species.
In her article on Vaccine Contaminants in the January 2013 issue of Dogs Naturally Magazine, author Catherine O’Driscoll continues, “One of the authors of this paper wrote to me privately: “If the ERV induces diseases in vaccinated animals and humans, it will take more than five years (in animals) to ten years (in humans) when the first patient appears. But it will take additional time to relate some diseases with specific vaccines because expected diseases are very common (such as cancers, lymphoma and autoimmune diseases). If so, when we are aware of the real risk of ERVs, it is too late because millions are infected with the viruses by the contaminated vaccines.””
The only official checks made for contaminants in vaccines are for a few known pathogens, potentially missing a vast host of unknown, unstudied, small particles and chemicals. It’s simply impossible to remove contaminants from vaccines.
4. Animal Protein
Disease micro-organisms are often cultured on animal tissue including embryonic chickens or cow fetuses. When a vaccine is manufactured, it is impossible to divide the wanted virus from the unwanted animal tissue. It all gets ground up together and injected into your dog’s body.If a dog eats animal flesh or an egg, it is digested into simpler amino acids before entering the bloodstream. The digestive process in most cases changes protein molecules so they don’t trigger an immune reaction. This is not the case for vaccines. They are injected undigested, directly into the bloodstream, where the foreign protein matter circulates throughout the body.
An immune response is triggered when the body detects foreign proteins. Killer cells (white blood cells) are sent out to consume the cells containing the foreign proteins and protein fragments. This process is nature’s way of protecting the body from being overwhelmed by invading organisms and eventually succumbing to them. The foreign protein fragments are not always destroyed by the body as it is busy cleaning up the multiple viruses that have just been injected, along with the serious chemicals aluminum, Thimerosal, formaldehyde and more. So the foreign protein matter gets absorbed into body cells. T-Cells, sensing they are there, but unable to reach them directly, attack the body cells that harbor them. This can lead to autoimmune disorders including cancer, allergies, arthritis and more.
“Our ongoing studies of dogs show that following routine vaccination, there is a significant level of antibodies dogs produce against their own tissues…Some of these antibodies have been shown to target the thyroid gland, the connective tissue such as that found in the valves of the heart, red blood cells, DNA etc.” Larry Glickman DVM, referring to the results of the
5. Money
The final vaccine ingredient to be discussed isn’t injected into dogs, but the concept of vaccination itself. In 2005, the global vaccine market was $6 billion. In 2012, it is $34 billion. It’s not surprising that more vaccines are manufactured for dogs and media hype frightens pet owners into using them. The canine influenza vaccine is an example.In 2011, the media heavily covered canine influenza and the need for vaccination. At the center of most of the media articles reporting the need to vaccinate for canine influenza was Dr Cynda Crawford. Dr Crawford is a veterinarian at the University of Florida (UF) who led the research team that first identified the canine influenza virus in 2004.
Interestingly, Crawford, along with colleagues at UF, Cornell University and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), share intellectual rights to the canine influenza virus; Merck has licensed the right to use the virus to make a vaccine. However, Crawford maintains that she and the others do not receive compensation from vaccine sales.
http://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/five-vaccine-ingredients-that-can-harm-your-dog/
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CDC Knew Its Vaccine Program Was Exposing Children to Dangerous Mercury Levels Since 1999
Uncovered documents show that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) knew that infant vaccines were exposing American children to mercury far in excess of all federal safety guidelines since 1999. The documents, created by a FDA consulting toxicologist, show how federal regulators concealed the dangerous impacts and lied to the public.In 1997, Congress passed the FDA Modernization Act. A provision of that statute required the FDA to "compile a list of drugs that contain intentionally introduced mercury compounds, and provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mercury compounds on the list." In response, manufacturers reported the use of the mercury-based preservative, thimerosal, in more than 30 licensed vaccines.
FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) was responsible for adding up the cumulative exposure to mercury from infant vaccines, a simple calculation that, astonishingly, had never been performed by either the FDA or the CDC. When the agency finally performed that basic calculation, the regulators realized that a six month-old infant who received thimerosal-preserved vaccines following the recommended CDC vaccine schedule would have received a jaw dropping 187.5 micrograms of mercury.
Instead of immediately ordering the removal of thimerosal, FDA officials circled the wagons treating the public health emergency as a public relations problem. Peter Patriarca, then director of the FDA Division of Viral Products, warned his fellow bureaucrats that hasty removal of thimerosal from vaccines would:
https://www.ecowatch.com/cdc-mercury-vaccines-kennedy-2199157054.html
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The Most Dangerous Vaccine
The smallpox vaccine is made from a weak biological cousin of the smallpox virus. When you get vaccinated with the weaker virus, you become immune to the smallpox virus.
But once in a while, the vaccine does more harm than good. If you scratch where the smallpox is at the surface, and you put it to the eye, you can transfer the smallpox to your eye. That occurs in about 500 people for every million that get the vaccine. If you get "progressive vaccinia," your immune system is compromised. The virus just continues to grow and grow, and is often the cause of death.
No one is certain how many people will be hurt by the vaccine. A 1969 study found that, out of every one million people vaccinated, 74 will suffer serious complications, and at least one will die.
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-most-dangerous-vaccine/
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It's officiall: HPV vaccine, the most dangerous vaccine yet
A study just released by a World Health Organization (WHO) monitoring centre in Sweden shows that adverse event reports received from national authorities — and these will represent only a fraction of those actually experienced — show a tendency to produce clusters of serious adverse events that include complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) that exceeds any other vaccine.
GMO vaccine released a decade ago
The genetically engineered vaccine, first introduced for mass vaccination around 10 years ago, has been delivered to around 80 million girls, women and, in some countries, boys.By August 2014 58 countries had introduced the vaccine into their immunisation schedules. According to the WHO, 80% of all cases of cervical cancer are linked to HPV, the key justification for giving the vaccine to young girls, occur in developing countries and are linked to sexual encounters at very young ages.
Concerns around the safety of the vaccine began to arise in 2013 with reports of CRPS in Japan, POTS in Denmark and CFS in Holland.
This study, which explores global reporting patterns of Adverse Reactions (AEs) for HPV vaccines shows that these different types of effects are often clustered, i.e. they are more likely to occur together, and so are likely related.
The science bit
The study looked at case safety reports for HPV Vaccine in VigiBase, the WHO International database of suspected adverse drug reactions. Reports are received from pharmacovigilance centres in 124 countries who participate in the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring up to 1st January 2015. Cases including at least 2 reporting terms were included in the study.http://anhinternational.org/2017/01/18/official-hpv-vaccine-vaccine-dangerous-yet/
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Kids Given Vaccines Have 22 Times the Rate of Ear Infections
November 01, 2011Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated: Survey Reveals Who's Healthier
However, that doesn't mean there is a total absence of evidence about the health of vaccinated versus unvaccinated children to give us an indication of whether or not the use of many more vaccines by children is contributing to their being chronically ill. In December 2010, a survey was initiated by VaccineInjury.info3 to compare the health of vaccinated children with unvaccinated children. To date, over 7,850 surveys have been submitted, and the study is ongoing, so if you have an unvaccinated child (or are unvaccinated yourself) and would like to submit your child's health data, you can do so here.Though this is obviously not a double-blind controlled study, and depends on the individuals submitting the data to give accurate information, it is still revealing. So far, the results show:
Health Condition Prevalence in Vaccinated Children Prevalence in Unvaccinated Children
Allergies: 40% report at least one allergy | Less than 10%
Asthma: 6% | 2.5%
Hay fever: 10.7% of German children | 2.5%
Neurodermatitis (an autoimmune disorder): 13% of German children | 7%
ADHD: 8% of German children, and another nearly 6% with borderline cases | 1-2%
Middle ear infections: 11% of German children | Less than 0.5%
Sinusitis: Over 32% of German children | Less than 1%
Autism: Approximately 1 in 100 | Only 4 cases out of 7,800+ surveys (one child tested very high for metals, and another's mother tested very high for mercury)
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/01/more-parents-waking-up-to-vaccine-dangers.aspx
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Dawn of the Bionic Age: Body Hackers let Chips get Under their Skin
‘It can emulate every card in your wallet, so you can chuck your wallet away’
August 4, 2017https://www.infowars.com/dawn-of-the-bionic-age-body-hackers-let-chips-get-under-their-skin/
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Scientists Hack a Computer Using DNA
August 10, 2017
Malware can be encoded into a gene and used to take over a computer program.
In what appears to be the first successful hack of a software program using DNA, researchers say malware they incorporated into a genetic molecule allowed them to take control of a computer used to analyze it.
To carry out the hack, researchers led by Tadayoshi Kohno (“see “Innovators Under 35, 2007”) and Luis Ceze encoded malicious software in a short stretch of DNA they purchased online. They then used it to gain “full control” over a computer that tried to process the genetic data after it was read by a DNA sequencing machine.The researchers warn that hackers could one day use faked blood or spit samples to gain access to university computers, steal information from police forensics labs, or infect
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608596/scientists-hack-a-computer-using-dna/
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THE NICHOLAS GONZALEZ FOUNDATION
http://www.dr-gonzalez.com/index.htm
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Chapter 6: Autism
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Autism-Vaccine Link: Evidence Doesn't Dispel Doubts
http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/searching-for-answers/vaccines-autism
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BPA exposure linked to autism spectrum disorder, study reports
March 2, 2015
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150302150723.htm
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Pesticide exposure during pregnancy linked to higher autism risk
June 23, 2014
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-study-finds-link-between-pesticide-exposure-pregnancy-autism-20140623-story.html
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Fine particulate air pollution linked with increased autism risk
December 18, 2014
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/fine-particulate-air-pollution-linked-with-increased-autism-risk/
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The "Western disease": Autism and Somali parents' embodied health movements.
Mar 2017https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28171816
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Ambient Air Pollution and Autism in Los Angeles County, California
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205827/
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MIT Scientist Uncovers Link Between Glyphosate, GMOs And The Autism Epidemic
May 11, 2015
http://reset.me/story/mit-scientist-uncovers-link-between-glyphosate-gmos-and-the-autism-epidemic/
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Sleep quality influences the cognitive performance of autistic and neurotypical children
May 28th, 2015
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150528123855.htm
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Brain study reveals insights into genetic basis of autism
July 13th, 2015
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150713113336.htm
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Growing Micro-Brains From Skin Cells Sheds Light On Autism
July 16, 2015
http://www.popsci.com/autism-might-be-result-dampened-brain-signal
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Researchers unravel a genetic link with autistic behaviors—and find a way to undo it
May 28, 2015
http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2015/05/045.html
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Full Show - What The MSM Won't Cover - 07/23/2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7U-1vtjg3c
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STUDY: Baby Teeth Show Exposure To Toxic Metals Linked To Autism
http://vaxxter.com/babies-exposure-to-toxic-metals-linked-to-austim/
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Busted: Gov't Admits Vaccines Cause Autism
( Mar 31, 2016 )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0glbc0S3sA
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Monsanto’s Glyphosate Found in California Wines, Even Wines Made With Organic Grapes
March 27, 2016
http://ecowatch.com/2016/03/27/monsanto-glyphosate-wine/
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WIN! California to List Glyphosate as a Carcinogen
California will add glyphosate, the main ingredient in Monsanto’s blockbuster herbicide RoundUp, to its list of chemicals known to cause cancer, effective July 7, 2017.
http://naturalsociety.com/win-california-list-glyphosate-carcinogen-1555/
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Honeybees Are Being Killed off in Europe by 57 Different Pesticides, Study Finds
April 5, 2016
http://www.alternet.org/environment/honeybees-are-being-killed-europe-57-different-pesticides-study-finds
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Autism Study: More Evidence Linking Altered Gut Bacteria to ASD
https://www.autismspeaks.org/science/science-news/autism-study-more-evidence-linking-altered-gut-bacteria-asd
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{Different reports claim that different hazards can cause a number of birth defects, this includes autism from air pollution. Many reports and evidence have also suggested that certain chemicals found in vaccines can lead to birth defects, this would include autism. Different groups now claim that vaccines do not cause autism, while other groups are still claiming that a multiple number of things could be causing autism. However, It is the job of the media to bring you all sides of the story, and try to figure out scientifically what is causing many birth defects in children.
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Chapter 7: Genome mining & editing
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Genome mining effort discovers 19 new natural products in four years
September 8, 2015
It took two postdoctoral researchers, a lab technician, four undergraduates and their faculty advisors only four years - a blink of an eye in pharmaceutical terms - to scour a collection of 10,000 bacterial strains and isolate the genes responsible for making 19 unique, previously unknown phosphonate natural products, researchers report. Each of these products is a potential new drug. One of them has already been identified as an antibiotic.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-09-genome-effort-natural-products-years.html#jCp
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Scientists discover new system for human genome editing
September 25, 2015
A team including the scientist who first harnessed the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing has now identified a different CRISPR system with the potential for even simpler and more precise genome engineering.
In a study published today in Cell, Feng Zhang and his colleagues at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, with co-authors Eugene Koonin at the National Institutes of Health, Aviv Regev of the Broad Institute and the MIT Department of Biology, and John van der Oost at Wageningen University, describe the unexpected biological features of this new system and demonstrate that it can be engineered to edit the genomes of human cells.
http://phys.org/news/2015-09-scientists-human-genome.html#jCp
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First results of CRISPR gene editing of normal embryos released
9 March 2017
A team in China has corrected genetic mutations in at least some of the cells in three normal human embryos using the CRISPR genome editing technique. The latest study is the first to describe the results of using CRISPR in viable human embryos, New Scientist can reveal.
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2123973-first-results-of-crispr-gene-editing-of-normal-embryos-released/
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Chinese scientists genetically modify human embryos
April 22, 2015
In a world first, Chinese scientists have reported editing the genomes of human embryos. The results are published1 in the online journal Protein & Cell and confirm widespread rumours that such experiments had been conducted — rumours that sparked a high-profile debate last month2, 3 about the ethical implications of such work.
http://www.nature.com/news/chinese-scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-1.17378
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The First Human-Pig Hybrid Embryo Has Been Created in The Lab
A big step towards lab-grown organs.
Jan. 26, 2017
http://www.sciencealert.com/it-s-alive-the-first-human-pig-hybrid-has-been-created-in-the-lab
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Human-Pig Hybrid Created in the Lab—Here Are the Facts
January 26, 2017
Scientists hope the chimera embryos represent key steps toward life-saving lab-grown organs.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/01/human-pig-hybrid-embryo-chimera-organs-health-science/
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Human-animal hybrid embryos
Bioethics: Human-animal hybrid embryos
In May 2008 a cross-party attempt to ban hybrid human animal embryos was defeated on a free vote in the House of Commons, by 336 to 176. MPs had been debating the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, which would allow regulated research using hybrid or 'admix' embryos, where the nuclei of human cells are inserted into animal eggs. The resulting embryos would be kept for up to 14 days to harvest stem cells.
In the present state of science, hybrid embryos are produced as research tools, and only kept alive for 14 days or fewer. The article below only deals with the ethical issues of this case, and not with the ethics of producing new creatures that are a combination of animal and human.
Possible types of animal/human hybrid embryos
Cytoplasmic hybrid embryos: embryos created through cell nuclear replacement using animal eggs
Hybrid embryos: embryos created by mixing human sperm and animal eggs or human eggs and animal sperm
Human chimera embryos: human embryos which have animal cells added to them during early development
Animal chimera embryos: animal embryos which have human cells added to them during early development
Transgenic human embryos: human embryos which have animal genes inserted into them during early development
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/hybridembryos_1.shtml
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Mouse egg cells made entirely in the lab give rise to healthy offspring
Oct. 17, 2016
In work that raises the prospect of new infertility treatments and designer babies, researchers have used stem cells to grow fertile mouse egg cells for the first time entirely in a lab dish. The eggs gave rise to pups after being fertilized and implanted into rodent foster mothers. The method—which sometimes produced defective eggs and had a success rate of less than 1%—won’t be producing human egg cells any time soon, but the technique could help researchers identify key genes involved in egg development and maturation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/mouse-egg-cells-made-entirely-lab-give-rise-healthy-offspring
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FDA approves genetically modified chicken — but not as food
Gathering a drug from chicken egg whites
Dec 9, 2015,
This isn't the first time that the FDA has approved a transgenic animal for drug production. Six years ago, the US government approved genetically modified goats that can make a drug in their milk that prevents blood clots. And in 2014, the FDA approved Ruconest — a drug that's collected from rabbit milk.
But yesterday's approval doesn't rely on milk production. To collect the active protein, researchers have to purify it from the whites of the chicken's eggs. Kanuma works by replacing a malfunctioning enzyme in people with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.
As part of the approval process for the drug, the government officials looked at whether the alterations made to the chicken's genetic material would cause it harm. They also examined whether these changes are stable enough to be passed on to future generations.
https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/9/9879678/gmo-chicken-transgenic-fda-approved-kanuma-drug-eggs
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Brit scientists create genetically modified chickens that can lay eggs from different breeds
18 Feb 2017
The aim is to preserve rare chicken breeds that may be resistant to global infections like bird flu in the future or have highly desirable features such as excellent meat quality
http://www.mirror.co.uk/science/brit-scientists-create-genetically-modified-9842348
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Genetically Modified Birds
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences
http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jpbs/papers/Vol9-issue6/Version-3/D09631629.pdf
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Researchers Engineer Hens that Make Drugs in Eggs
January 19, 2007
Scientists at the Roslin Institute, which produced Dolly the cloned sheep, have genetically engineered chickens to produce drugs in their egg whites. Helen Sang, the lead scientist at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, talks about the findings.
For instance, they have tweaked cows to produce drugs in their milk so every time the cows give milk, they also give a fresh supply of drugs. But in a twist on this approach, scientists at the Roslin Institute - that's the institute that created Dolly, the cloned sheep - well scientists at Roslin have genetically engineered chickens now to produce drugs in their egg whites. Some of them - some of these drugs that are used to fight cancer.
With every batch of eggs comes a fresh supply of drugs. Unfortunately, getting the drugs isn't as easy as scrambling up an omelet. The researchers report on their research in the current issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and the leader of the team joins us now to talk about their work and its potential to change the way drugs are made.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6921969
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Targeted mutagenesis in chicken using CRISPR/Cas9 system
23 October 2015
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simple and powerful tool for genome editing in various organisms including livestock animals. However, the system has not been applied to poultry because of the difficulty in accessing their zygotes. Here we report the implementation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting in chickens. Two egg white genes, ovalbumin and ovomucoid, were efficiently (>90%) mutagenized in cultured chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) by transfection of circular plasmids encoding Cas9, a single guide RNA, and a gene encoding drug resistance, followed by transient antibiotic selection. We transplanted CRISPR-induced mutant-ovomucoid PGCs into recipient chicken embryos and established three germline chimeric roosters (G0). All of the roosters had donor-derived mutant-ovomucoid spermatozoa, and the two with a high transmission rate of donor-derived gametes produced heterozygous mutant ovomucoid chickens as about half of their donor-derived offspring in the next generation (G1). Furthermore, we generated ovomucoid homozygous mutant offspring (G2) by crossing the G1 mutant chickens. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simple and effective gene-targeting method in chickens.
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep23980
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Genetic modification of chicken germ cells
Oct, 2012
Over the past two decades numerous reports have demonstrated that the genetic modification of poultry genomes has great potential for improving poultry production; moreover, it may be used as a powerful tool for the production of industrial proteins. To date, transgenic techniques have been established for generating transgenic birds that express recombinant human proteins in hen eggs, as well as tissue-specific genes as an animal model. The production of transgenic birds is a promising approach that could have practical applications in agriculture and biopharmacology, in addition to advancing our understanding of avian biology. Finally, germ cell–mediated transgenesis could provide a more efficient strategy for creating gene-targeted insertions and deletions in avian species.
Recently, van de Lavoir et al.21 genetically modified chicken PGCs by the electroporation of a nonviral expression vector to produce transgenic offspring through germline transmission. However, the frequency of transgene integration into the genome as well as the rate of gene transfer into germ cells remain insufficient for generating transgenic birds using virus-independent conventional methods. For efficient transgene integration into the genome of chicken PGCs, Leighton et al.22 used phiC31 integrase and specific elements. phiC31 integrase catalyzes site-specific recombination between an attB site and an attP site; thus, the co-transfection of an integrase and attB-containing plasmid could improve genomic insertion into chicken PGCs. They showed increased frequencies of transgene integration into endogenous pseudo attP sites in the chicken PGC genome when phiC31 integrase was co-introduced; however, there is no report of the production of transgenic chickens using phiC31 integrase and an attB element. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo silencing of transgene expression following nonviral transfection has hampered the stable expression of antibiotic genes for selection and specific expression in target tissues.21–23 Leighton et al.22 demonstrated that the usage of phiC31 integrase and an attB element could be an efficient tool for genomic insertion; however, they also reported the transcriptional silencing of a transgene in chicken PGCs even after the co-transfection of phiC31 integrase and attB sequences. We previously showed that the methylation of a transgenic promoter in the transgenic chicken could lead to transgene transcriptional silencing in a tissue-specific manner in vivo, although little is known about the control of gene expression in avian species via DNA methylation.23 To overcome this transcriptional repression, HS4 insulator, which is the first insulator identified in vertebrates, derived from the 5' end of the chicken ß-globin locus, has been used in chicken PGCs.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499655/
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Chapter 8: Bioweapons
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US Intelligence Director Says Genome Editing is a WMD
Gene Editing with CRISPR/Cas-9 Can Heal or Kill
Genetic modification using new technologies like CRISPR has been called a “weapon of mass destruction and proliferation” by James Clapper, U.S. Director of National Intelligence, in his annual Worldwide Threat Assessment report.
Gene editing is the latest brainchild of the biotechnology industry. It has been touted as entirely different from gene insertion, the genetic modification technique used over the past several decades to create GM crops and GM animals. Gene editing technology alters the DNA inside living cells. The biotech industry says it is an easy and cheap way to mess with Mother Nature – but, as with other GM technology, the outcomes can’t be precisely controlled.
http://naturalsociety.com/us-director-national-intelligence-genome-editing-wmd-67384/
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Biological weapons and designer babies: 15 years of decoding humanity’s DNA
On 26th June 2000, the Human Genome Project announced that they had a sequence of the human genome. Here’s how our understanding of DNA has changed the world since
Build-a-baby
If you’ve always dreamed of a baby with green eyes and curly brown hair, then the link between our DNA and appearance could make designer babies a disconcerting reality. Dr Claes says he’s received emails from fertility clinics who want to use his technology to help future parents build their perfect baby.
Biological weapons
The science that allows us to create DNA-based personalised medicine can also be used for a far more sinister flipside: biological weapons. Battles have been fought using biological toxins or viruses for hundreds of years..
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11700454/Biological-weapons-and-designer-babies-15-years-of-decoding-humanitys-DNA.html
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Genetically Engineered Bioweapons: A New Breed of Weapons for Modern Warfare
March 10, 2013
http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/applied_sciences/genetically-engineered-bioweapons-a-new-breed-of-weapons-for-modern-warfare#.VXU2dEa-2zk
Genome sequencing has given rise to a new generation of genetically engineered bioweapons carrying the potential to change the nature of modern warfare and defense.
Introduction
Biological weapons are designed to spread disease among people, plants, and animals through the introduction of toxins and microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. The method through which a biological weapon is deployed depends on the agent itself, its preparation, its durability, and the route of infection. Attackers may disperse these agents through aerosols or food and water supplies.
Although bioweapons have been used in war for many centuries, a recent surge in genetic understanding, as well as a rapid growth in computational power, has allowed genetic engineering to play a larger role in the development of new bioweapons. In the bioweapon industry, genetic engineering can be used to manipulate genes to create new pathogenic characteristics aimed at enhancing the efficacy of the weapon through increased survivability, infectivity, virulence, and drug resistance. While the positive societal implications of improved biotechnology are apparent, the “black biology” of bioweapon development may be “one of the gravest threats we will face”
Limits of Past Bioweapons
Prior to recent advances in genetic engineering, bioweapons were exclusively natural pathogens. Agents must fulfill numerous prerequisites to be considered effective military bioweapons, and most naturally occurring pathogens are ill suited for this purpose. First, bioweapons must be produced in large quantities. A pathogen can be obtained from the natural environment if enough can be collected to allow purification and testing of its properties. Otherwise, pathogens could be produced in a microbiology laboratory or bank, a process which is limited by pathogen accessibility and the safety with which the pathogens can be handled in facilities. To replicate viruses and some bacteria, living cells are required. The growth of large quantities of an agent can be limited by equipment, space, and the health risks associated with the handling of hazardous germs. In addition to large-scale production, effective bioweapons must act quickly, be environmentally robust, and their effects must be treatable for those who are implementing the bioweapon.
Recent Advances
As researchers continue to transition from the era of DNA sequencing into the era of DNA synthesis, it may soon become feasible to synthesize any virus whose DNA sequence is known (4). This was first demonstrated in 2001 when Dr. Eckard Wimmer re-created the poliovirus and again in 2005 when Dr. Jeffrey Taubenberger and Terrence Tumpey re-created the 1918 influenza virus (1). The progress of DNA synthesis technology will also allow for the creation of novel pathogens. According to biological warfare expert Dr. Steven Block, genetically engineered pathogens “could be made safer to handle, easier to distribute, capable of ethnic specificity, or be made to cause higher mortality rates.”
The growing accessibility of DNA synthesis capabilities, computational power, and information means that a growing number of people will have the capacity to produce bioweapons. Scientists have been able to transform the four letters of DNA—A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine)—into the ones and zeroes of binary code. This transformation makes genetic engineering a matter of electronic manipulation, which decreases the cost of the technique (4). According to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, “the emerging gene synthesis industry is making genetic material more widely available […] A crude but effective terrorist weapon can be made using a small sample of any number of widely available pathogens, inexpensive equipment, and college-level chemistry and biology.”
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Genetic engineering and biological weapons
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326447/
Indeed, the insights into the nature of infectious diseases gained by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the nineteenth century did not actually represent a great breakthrough in the use of infectious organisms as biological weapons. Similarly, the development of a bioweapon does not necessarily require genetic engineering—smallpox, plague and anthrax are deadly enough in their natural states. But the revolution in biotechnology, namely the new tools for analysing and specifically changing an organism's genetic material, has led to an increased risk of biowarfare due to several factors. First, the expansion of modern biotechnology in medical and pharmaceutical research and production has led to a worldwide availability of knowledge and facilities. Many countries and regions, where 30 years ago biotechnology merely meant brewing beer and baking bread, have established high-tech facilities for vaccine or single-cell-protein production that could be subverted for the production of biological weapons. Today, nearly all countries have the technological potential to produce large amounts of pathogenic microorganisms safely (Fig. 1). Second, classical biowarfare agents can be made much more efficiently than their natural counterparts, with even the simplest genetic techniques. Third, with modern biotechnology it becomes possible to create completely new biological weapons. And for technical and/or moral reasons, they might be more likely to be used than classical biowarfare agents. These possibilities have generated new military desires around the world, including within those countries that have publicly renounced biological weapons in the past. This paper deals predominantly with the last two factors, and with the use of real-life examples, we shall discuss the possibilities for such military abuse of biotechnology.
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Is Monsanto doing secret biowar research on Maui?
by Jon Rappoport
April 4, 2015
“According to the Sunshine Project, a nonprofit arms control watchdog operating out of Austin, Texas, among corporations holding back information about their [biowarfare research] activities are:
“Abbott Laboratories, BASF Plant Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, DuPont Central Research and Development, Eli Lilly Corp., Embrex, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman-LaRoche, Merck & Co., Monsanto, Pfizer Inc., Schering-Plough Research Institute, and Syngenta Corp. of Switzerland.
“In case you didn’t know it, the White House since 9/11 has called for spending $44-billion on biological warfare research, a sum unprecedented in world history, and an obliging Congress has authorized it.”
Notice that the above list of corporations includes some of the biggest names in biotech: BASF, DuPont, Syngenta, and, of course, Monsanto, who manufactured the highly toxic Agent Orange sprayed in Vietnam.
https://jonrappoport.wordpress.com/2015/04/04/is-monsanto-doing-secret-biowarfare-research-on-maui/
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We can see why some governments want to ban experiments with GMO's in homes and in private labs.
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GENETIC DISCRIMINATION
A Position Paper Presented by the Council for Responsible Genetics
*GENETIC TESTS CAN BE USED TO HELP . . . AND TO HARM
*THE EXPANSION OF GENETIC TESTS MEANS THAT THE DISCRIMINATION WILL LIKELY INCREASE.
*THE SOCIAL COSTS OF GENETIC DISCRIMINATION
*INSURANCE DISCRIMINATION
http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/ViewPage.aspx?pageId=85
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Genetic Engineering and Its Dangers
TENTH ANNIVERSARY YEAR
SITE FOUNDED IN 1996
"The Rest Of The Story Behind Genetic Engineering: An Interview with Brian Tokar" by Mark Oshinskie
"PR for the 'Book of Life'" by Jackie Stevens
"Synthetic Life" by W. Wayt Gibbs
"Unraveling the DNA Myth: The Spurious Foundation of Genetic Engineering" by Barry Commoner
"Data Stored in Multiplying Bacteria" by Natasha McDowell
"Genetic Copy of Cat Not a Copycat after All" by Kristen Hays
GM Microbes Invade North America
"Mice 'make human proteins in semen'" by Dr David Whitehouse
"Mice produce sperm from monkeys" by Dr David Whitehouse
"Killer virus: An engineered mouse virus leaves us one step away from the ultimate bioweapon" by Rachel Nowak
"Rebellious Bodies Dim the Glow of `Natural' Biotech Drugs" by Andrew Pollack
"Klebsiella planticola--The Gene-Altered Monster That Almost Got Away" by Elaine Ingham
"Biohazards: The Next Generation?" by Brian Tokar
"Biotech at 25--Too Soon to Celebrate"
from Viral Pandemics" by Mae-Wan Ho and Joe Cummins
True Food Shopping List: How to Avoid Genetically Engineered Food
5 reasons to keep Britain [and the rest of the world] GM-free
"Super Organics" by Richard Manning
"GM TRIALS TO FIND MEDICINE RAISE NEW ETHICAL
FEARS; HUMAN GENE CROP FURY" by JOHN INGHAM AND TOBY MOORE "Genetically Modified Foods: Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health?" By Arpad Pusztai, Ph.D.
"Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico" by David Quist and Ignacio H. Chapela
Worldwide Initiatives Against GMOs
"Bad Bad seeds in court: when genetically modified plants contaminate their crops, organic farmers fight big biotech" by Thomas Hayden
"GM Trials to Find Medicine Raise New Ethical Fears; Human Gene Crop Fury" by John Ingham and Toby Moore
"THE 'GOLDEN RICE' HOAX -When Public Relations replaces Science" by Dr. Vandana Shiva "NASA's Earth plants could invade Mars" by David Perlman
USDA Says Yes to Terminator
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOWARFARE
Bioterror Researchers Build a More Lethal Mousepox
"Now for GM weapons: It's time to get tough with the biotech firms over germ warfare" by Jeremy Rifkin
Bioterrorism issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases (July/August, 1999, v5n4)
"The Demon in the Freezer" by Richard Preston
"Ebola Virus Could Be Synthesised" by Sylvia Pagàn Westphal
"Scientists Create a Live Polio Virus" by Andrew Pollack
"Bioterror And Biosafety" by Vandana Shiva
"US Non-lethal Weapon Reports Suppressed" by Debora MacKenzie
"Single Gene Leap Led to Flea-Borne Transmission of Plague Bacterium" by Laurie K. Doepel
"A Terrifying Power" by Philip Cohen
"Prepare for the Worst" By Rachel Nowak
"With Biotechnology, a Potential to Harm" by Andrew Pollack
"Now for GM weapons: It's time to get tough with the biotech firms over germ warfare" by Jeremy Rifkin Project Censored: Human Genome Project Opens the Door to Ethnically Specific Bioweapons
"Secret U.S. Germ Tests Threat to Treaty" by Roland Watson
"Engineering Humans" by Rachel Massey
"The New Eugenics: The Case Against Genetically Modified Humans" by Marcy Darnovsky
"Scientists Raise Spectre of Gene-Modified Athletes" by James Randerson
"Gods and Monsters: Talking apes, flying pigs, superhumans with armadillo attributes, and other strange considerations of Dr. Stuart Newman's fight to patent a human/animal chimera" by Mark Dowie
FRONTLINE "Organ Farm: The Risks of Xenotransplantation"
"The Threshold Challenge of the New Human Genetic Technologies"
"Governing the Genome" by Ralph Brave
"The Human Genome Map: The Death of Genetic Determinism and Beyond" by Mae-Wan Ho
"Genetically Altered Babies Born" by Dr. David Whitehouse
http://online.sfsu.edu/rone/GEessays/gedanger.htm
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Ethnic bioweapon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_bioweapon
An ethnic bioweapon (biogenetic weapon) is a type of weapon that aims to harm only or primarily people of specific ethnicities or genotypes.
Genetic weapons
In 1997, U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen referred to the concept of an ethnic bioweapon as a possible risk. In 1998 some biological weapon experts considered such a "genetic weapon" a plausible possibility, and believed the former Soviet Union had undertaken some research on the influence of various substances on human genes.
In 2004, The Guardian reported that the British Medical Association (BMA) considered bioweapons designed to target certain ethnic groups as a possibility, and highlighted problems that advances in science for such things as "treatment to Alzheimer's and other debilitating diseases could also be used for malign purposes".
In 2005, the official view of the International Committee of the Red Cross was "The potential to target a particular ethnic group with a biological agent is probably not far off. These scenarios are not the product of the ICRC's imagination but have either occurred or been identified by countless independent and governmental experts."
In 2012, The Atlantic wrote that a specific virus that targets individuals with a specific DNA sequence is within possibility in the near future. The magazine put forward a hypothetical scenario of a virus which caused mild flu to the general population but deadly symptoms to the President of the United States. They cite advances in personalized gene therapy as evidence.
In 2016, Foreign Policy magazine suggested the possibility of a virus used as an ethnic bioweapon that could sterilize a "genetically-related ethnic population.
Israeli "ethno-bomb" controversy
In November 1998, The Sunday Times reported that Israel was attempting to build an "ethno-bomb" containing a biological agent that could specifically target genetic traits present amongst Arab populations. Wired News also reported the story, as did Foreign Report.
Microbiologists and geneticists were skeptical towards the scientific plausibility of such a biological agent. The New York Post, describing the claims as "blood libel", reported that the likely source for the story was a work of science fiction by Israeli academic Doron Stanitsky. Stanitsky had sent his completely fictional work about such a weapon to Israeli newspapers two years before. The article also noted the views of genetic researchers who claimed the idea as "wholly fantastical", with others claiming that the weapon was theoretically possible.
Russian ban on export of biological samples
In May 2007, a Russian newspaper Kommersant reported that the Russian government banned all exports of human biosamples. The report claims that the reason for the ban was a secret FSB report about on-going development of "genetic bioweapons" targeting Russian population by Western institutions. The report mentions the Harvard School of Public Health, American International Health Alliance, Department of Medical Biotechnology of Jagiellonian University, United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology Warsaw University, and United States Agency for International Development.
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Israel is Developing 'Ethnic Bomb' for Growing Biological Weapons Arsenal
http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v17/v17n6p24_weber.html
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Clinton warns of bioweapon threat from gene tech
December 7, 2011
(AP) -- New gene assembly technology that offers great benefits for scientific research could also be used by terrorists to create biological weapons, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton warned Wednesday.
https://phys.org/news/2011-12-clinton-bioweapon-threat-gene-tech.html
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Bill Gates Warns Of Virus Worse Than Ebola: “We Are Simply Not Prepared To Deal With A Global Epidemic”
March 20th, 2015
http://www.shtfplan.com/headline-news/bill-gates-warns-of-virus-worse-than-ebola-we-are-simply-not-prepared-to-deal-with-a-global-epidemic_03202015
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Infectious diseases and bioweapons
2003 Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326435/
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Genetically Engineered Bioweapons: A New Breed of Weapons for Modern Warfare
March 10, 2013
The growing accessibility of DNA synthesis capabilities, computational power, and information means that a growing number of people will have the capacity to produce bioweapons. Scientists have been able to transform the four letters of DNA—A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine)—into the ones and zeroes of binary code. This transformation makes genetic engineering a matter of electronic manipulation, which decreases the cost of the technique (4). According to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, “the emerging gene synthesis industry is making genetic material more widely available […] A crude but effective terrorist weapon can be made using a small sample of any number of widely available pathogens, inexpensive equipment, and college-level chemistry and biology.”
Techniques to Enhance Efficacy of Bioweapons
Scientists and genetic engineers are considering several techniques to increase the efficacy of pathogens in warfare.
1. Binary Biological Weapons
This technique involves inserting plasmids, small bacterial DNA fragments, into the DNA of other bacteria in order to increase virulence or other pathogenic properties within the host bacteria (2).
2. Designer Genes
According to the European Bioinformatics Institute, as of December 2012, scientists had sequenced the genomes of 3139 viruses, 1016 plasmids, and 2167 bacteria, some of which are published on the internet and are therefore accessible to the public (6). With complete genomes available and the aforementioned advances in gene synthesis, scientists will soon be able to design pathogens by creating synthetic genes, synthetic viruses, and possibly entirely new organisms (2).
3. Gene Therapy
Gene therapy involves repairing or replacing a gene of an organism, permanently changing its genetic composition. By replacing existing genes with harmful genes, this technique can be used to manufacture bioweapons (2).
4. Stealth Viruses
Stealth viruses are viral infections that enter cells and remain dormant for an extended amount of time until triggered externally to cause disease. In the context of warfare, these viruses could be spread to a large population, and activation could either be delayed or used as a threat for blackmail (2).
5. Host-Swapping Diseases
Much like the naturally occurring West Nile and Ebola viruses, animal viruses could potentially be genetically modified and developed to infect humans as a potent biowarfare tactic (2).
6. Designer Diseases
Biotechnology may be used to manipulate cellular mechanisms to cause disease. For example, an agent could be designed to induce cells to multiply uncontrollably, as in cancer, or to initiate apoptosis, programmed cell death (2).
7. Personalized Bioweapons
In coming years it may be conceivable to design a pathogen that targets a specific person’s genome. This agent may spread through populations showing minimal or no symptoms, yet it would be fatal to the intended target (4).
Biodefense
In addition to creating bioweapons, the emerging tools of genetic knowledge and biological technology may be used as a means of defense against these weapons.
1. Human Genome Literacy
As scientific research continues to reveal the functions of specific genes and how genetic components affect disease in humans, vaccines and drugs can be designed to combat particular pathogens based on analysis of their particular molecular effect on the human cell (2).
2. Immune System Enhancement
In addition to enabling more effective drug development, human genome literacy allows for a better understanding of the immune system. Thus, genetic engineering can be used to enhance human immune response to pathogens. As an example, Dr. Ken Alibek is conducting cellular research in pursuit of protection against the bioweapon anthrax (2).
3. Viral and Bacterial Genome Literacy
Decoding the genomes of viruses and bacteria will lead to molecular explanations behind virulence and drug resistance. With this information, bacteria can be engineered to produce bioregulators against pathogens. For example, Xoma Corporation has patented a bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) protein, made from genes inserted into bacterial DNA, which reverses the resistance characteristic of particular bacteria against some popular antibiotics (2).
4. Efficient Bio-Agent Detection and Identification Equipment
Because the capability of comparing genomes using DNA assays has already been acquired, such technology may be developed to identify pathogens using information from bacterial and viral genomes. Such a detector could be used to identify the composition of bioweapons based on their genomes, reducing present-day delays in resultant treatment and/or preventive measures (2).
5. New Vaccines
Current scientific research projects involve genetic manipulation of viruses to create vaccines that provide immunity against multiple diseases with a single treatment (2).
6. New Antibiotics and Antiviral Drugs
Currently, antibiotic drugs target DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell-wall synthesis processes in bacterial cells. With an increased understanding of microbial genomes, other proteins essential to bacterial viability can be targeted to create new classes of antibiotics. Eventually, broad-spectrum, rather than protein-specific, anti-microbial drugs may be developed (2).
Future of Warfare
“The revolution in molecular biology and biotechnology can be considered as a potential Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA),” states Colonel Michael Ainscough, MD, MPH (2). According to Andrew Krepinevich, who originally coined the term RMA, “technological advancement, incorporation of this new technology into military systems, military operational advancement, and organizational adaptation in a way that fundamentally alters the character and conduct of conflict” are the four components that make up an RMA. For instance, the Gulf War has been classified as the beginning of the space information warfare RMA. “From the technological advances in biotechnology, biowarfare with genetically engineered pathogens may constitute a future such RMA,” says Ainscough (2).
In addition, the exponential increase in computational power combined with the accessibility of genetic information and biological tools to the general public and lack of governmental regulation raise concerns about the threat of biowarfare arising from outside the military (7). The US government has cited the efforts of terrorist networks, such as al Qaida, to recruit scientists capable of creating bioweapons as a national security concern and “has urged countries to be more open about their efforts to clamp down on the threat of bioweapons”
http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/2013/03/genetically-engineered-bioweapons-a-new-breed-of-weapons-for-modern-warfare/#.WWvmc-llDIV
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10 Scariest Bioweapons
Smallpox
Anthrax
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Plague
Tularemia
Botulinum Toxin
Rice Blast
Rinderpest
Nipah Virus
Chimera Viruses
http://www.stufftoblowyourmind.com/blogs/10-scariest-bioweapons.htm
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Virions at the Gates: Receptors and the Host–Virus Arms Race
May 28, 2013
Abstract
All viruses need to bind to specific receptor molecules on the surface of target cells to initiate infection. Virus–receptor binding is highly specific, and this specificity determines both the species and the cell type that can be infected by a given virus. In some well-studied cases, the virus-binding region on the receptor has been found to be unrelated to the receptor's normal cellular function. Resistance to virus infection can thus evolve by selection of mutations that alter amino acids in the binding region with minimal effect on normal function. This sort of positive selection can be used to infer the history of the host–virus “arms race” during their coevolution. In a new study, Demogines et al. use a combination of phylogenetic, structural, and virological analysis to infer the history and significance of positive selection on the transferrin receptor TfR1, a housekeeping protein required for iron uptake and the cell surface receptor for at least three different types of virus. The authors show that only two parts of the rodent TfR1 molecule have been subject to positive selection and that these correspond to the binding sites for two of these viruses—the mouse mammary tumor virus (a retrovirus) and Machupo virus (an arenavirus). They confirmed this result by introducing the inferred binding site mutations into the wild-type protein and testing for receptor function. Related arenaviruses are beginning to spread in human populations in South America as the cause of often fatal hemorrhagic fevers, and, although Demogines et al. could find no evidence of TfR1 mutations in this region that might have been selected as a consequence of human infection, the authors identified one such mutation in Asian populations that affects infection with these viruses.
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001574
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Next Generation Bioweapons: Genetic Engineering and BW
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/biostorm/ainscough.pdf
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Is All Fair in Biological Warfare? The Controversy over Genetically Engineered Biological Weapons
J. M. Appel
Journal of Medical Ethics
Vol. 35, No. 7 (Jul., 2009), pp. 429-432
http://www.jstor.org/stable/27720364?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
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Bioweapons, Biodiversity, and Ecocide: Potential Effects of Biological Weapons on Biological Diversity: Bioweapon disease outbreaks could cause the extinction of endangered wildlife species, the erosion of genetic diversity in domesticated plants and animals, the destruction of traditional human livelihoods, and the extirpation of indigenous cultures
July, 2002
Government-sponsored scientific research into the development of technologically sophisticated applications of biological weapons for use against humans, livestock, and crops began during the early decades of the 20th century. Most government bioweapons programs included research on the culture and testing of disease agents intended specifically for use against livestock and food crops (Ban 2000). During World War I, Germany investigated techniques for using anthrax, glanders, cholera, and fungal diseases of wheat as biological weapons. German espionage agents attempted to create outbreaks of anthrax among livestock in Romania and Argentina and spread glanders among horses and mules—then still critically important as cavalry mounts and draft animals for the transport of artillery, ordnance, and supplies—in Mesopotamia, France, Argentina, and the United States. Germany was also implicated in an attempt to precipitate an epidemic of plague among humans in St. Petersburg, Russia (Dire and McGovern 2002). Japan developed and used biological weapons against human and animal populations in Asia during the period 1932–1945 (Kortepeter et al. 2001). Plague-infected fleas were reportedly used by the Japanese to precipitate plague epidemics in China during World War II, and it has been estimated that some 10,000 human subjects were used for bioweapon experiments in China involving anthrax, plague, tularemia, and smallpox (Christopher et al. 1997).
During the 1980s and 1990s, Soviet scientists used newly developed genetic engineering techniques to create antibiotic-resistant and vaccine-subverting strains of smallpox, anthrax, plague, and tularemia for bioweapon applications (Alibek and Handelman 2000). Genetically modified zoonotic and epizootic diseases of humans and animals (plague, tularemia, anthrax) and virulent cultivated or wild strains of natural livestock diseases (e.g., foot and mouth disease [FMD], rinderpest, brucellosis) represent potentially serious threats to livestock, wildlife, and endangered species populations. Plant diseases developed for bioweapons applications against food crops, opium poppies, and coca plants may, however, infect nontarget species of wild plants and become established locally subsequent to their introduction to new environments (Madden and van den Bosch 2002).
Bioterrorist uses of enzootic livestock diseases and emerging zoonotic diseases (diseases that can be transmitted between animal and human populations) represent a potentially serious threat to livestock and wildlife populations never previously exposed to these diseases. This risk holds true even, and perhaps especially in some instances, for wildlife species that may become infected by serious livestock diseases without exhibiting overt clinical signs of infection. Many formerly ubiquitous diseases that have been eradicated from livestock populations in the United States and Western Europe over the past century are still common elsewhere and readily accessible to individuals and terrorist organizations. Vaccines for many animal diseases still common in developing countries have been phased out in Europe and North America, and these vaccines, along with drugs for routine treatment, may not be readily available in sufficient quantities to suppress large-scale disease outbreaks among animals and livestock.
Biological warfare and bioterrorism
Zoonotic and epizootic disease organisms known to have been cultivated and tested in bioweapon research programs include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Yersinia pestis (plague), Brucella abortus (brucellosis), Clostridium botulinum, Apthovirus (FMD), Burkholderia mallei (glanders), morbilliviruses (measles, canine distemper, rinderpest), Staphylococcus, Francisella tularensis (tularemia), rabies virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, and several virulent hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever) (OTA 1993, Kortepeter et al. 2001, CNS 2002). Plant bioweapons cultured and tested for disrupting agriculture and food production have included fungal diseases (Fusarium spp., Tilletia spp.), viral diseases, and even insect pests (e.g., Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata).
The former USSR sponsored extensive research on possible bioweapons applications of a variety of fungal diseases of important food crops (wheat stem rust, rice blast), viral and bacterial diseases of domesticated livestock (e.g., anthrax, tularemia, malignant catarrhal fever), and insect disease vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas) (Bozheyeva et al. 1999). The Soviet bioweapons program tested plant and livestock bioweapon diseases for potential deployment, with the goal of disrupting food production and food processing infrastructures and damaging the agricultural sector of national economies (Alibek and Handelman 2000). Soviet scientists reportedly used newly developed genetic engineering techniques to create vaccine-subverting and antibiotic-resistant strains of anthrax, plague, tularemia, and smallpox for attacks against military forces and civilian populations (Bozheyeva et al. 1999, Alibek and Handelman 2000). Most, perhaps even all, of the cultivated and potentially weaponized diseases identified by the Office International des Epizooties as possible major threats to livestock and wildlife species (FMD, rinderpest, Newcastle disease, African swine fever, sheep pox, and Rift Valley fever; OIE 2001) were experimentally tested for bioweapons applications under the Soviet bioweapons research and development program (Bozheyeva et al. 1999, Kortepeter et al. 2001)
Countries believed to have active biowarfare research programs during recent years include some former USSR states (i.e., Russia, Kazakstan), Syria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Israel, Egypt, Taiwan, China, South Africa, Libya, Cuba, Romania, Bulgaria, Pakistan, India, United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States (Leitenberg 2000). Several major international terrorist organizations, including but not restricted to the Al Qaeda network, are believed to have the financial resources and political contacts needed to access state-of-the-art bioweapon disease cultures and production technologies. Aum Shinrikyo, a Japanese terrorist group that used sarin gas for a terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway system, was also involved in developing terrorist bioweapons employing anthrax spores, botulism toxin, Q fever, and Ebola virus (Christopher et al. 1997).
Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have opened the way for a potential Pandora's box scenario, in which the unforeseen proliferation of a bioweapon organism could severely affect human and animal populations at regional, continental, or even global levels. Recent gene-transfer experiments with viral interleukin4 and viral diseases of the house mouse (Mus musculus) have demonstrated that even carefully controlled and monitored genetic engineering experiments may produce entirely unanticipated results, generating viruses or organisms with unwanted, deleterious, and sometimes extremely dangerous properties (Jackson et al. 2001).
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Iranians, Bioweapons in Mind, Lure Needy Ex-Soviet Scientists
Dec, 1998
Iran is scouring the former Soviet Union to hire scientists who once worked in
laboratories tied to Moscow's vast germ warfare program and has succeeded in recruiting some of
them to take jobs in Teheran, according to Russian scientists and American officials.
http://online.sfsu.edu/rone/GEessays/Iranians%20Bioweapons%20ExSoviet%20Scientists.htm
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British scientists granted permission to genetically modify human embryos
1 February 2016
British scientists have been granted permission to genetically modify human embryos by the fertility regulator.
The Francis Crick Institute could begin the controversial experiments as early as March after the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) gave the green light this morning.
The scientists want to deactivate genes in leftover embryos from IVF clinics to see if it hinders development.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/03/12/british-scientists-granted-permission-to-genetically-modify-huma/
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Genetic Engineering Now Allows Parents to Select the Gender and Eye Color of Their Children
Feb 25, 2015http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a19313/genetic-engineering-allow-parents-select-gender-eye-color-children/
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First Genetically Engineered Salmon Sold in Canada
Aug 7, 2017
US firm AquaBounty Technologies says that its transgenic fish has hit the market after a 25-year wait
https://www.infowars.com/first-genetically-engineered-salmon-sold-in-canada/
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‘Stop GMOs’: Russian scientists urge 10-year ban on genetically modified products
16 Dec, 2013
https://www.rt.com/news/gmo-ban-russian-scientists-293/
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Scientists Argue the US Ban on Human Gene Editing Will Leave It Behind
Aug 4 2016
After a ban on germline editing, researchers say the US 'is ceding its leadership in this arena to other nations.'
As the biotech revolution accelerates globally, the US could be getting left behind on key technological advances: namely, human genetic modification.
A Congressional ban on human germline modification has "drawn new lines in the sand" on gene editing legislation, argues a paper published today in Science by Harvard law and bioethics professor I. Glenn Cohen and leading biologist Eli Adashi of Brown University. They say that without a course correction, "the United States is ceding its leadership in this arena to other nations."
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/nz7dp8/scientists-argue-the-us-ban-on-human-gene-editing-will-leave-it-behind
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Is Gene Editing the New Name for Eugenics?
June 24, 2018
https://www.globalresearch.ca/is-gene-editing-the-new-name-for-eugenics/5645101
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[Many have stated that we should have an international moratorium on the use of Genetically modified organisms in food, chemicals, including genetically modified animals and humans.]
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UNESCO panel of experts calls for ban on “editing” of human DNA to avoid unethical tampering with hereditary traits
A UNESCO panel of scientists, philosophers, lawyers and government ministers has called for a temporary ban on genetic “editing” of the human germline, calling for a wide public debate on genetic modification of human DNA.
http://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-panel-experts-calls-ban-editing-human-dna-avoid-unethical-tampering-hereditary-traits
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Are We Violating Biological Weapons Bans?
August 21, 2016
https://www.laprogressive.com/biological-weapons-attack-plan/
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Biological Weapons Convention
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BWC, or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BTWC) was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Weapons_Convention
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Putin’s Influential Top Advisor Warns of Plan to Destroy Humanity
AI leads to tecehnotronic takeover
August 5, 2017https://www.infowars.com/putins-top-advisor-warns-world-of-globalist-satanic-ai-takeover-plan/
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Is genetic engineering (crispr, gene drive, etc.) advanced enough to kill or save billions of people?
If not, how long until a bad actor could design a killer virus with the contagion of measles and the lethality of Ebola? Or a positive actor end Malaria? Could George Church (or another genetic scientist) single handedly kill tens of millions of people?
Millions of gamers across the world enjoy playing Plague Inc: Evolved (PC). The object of the game is to eradicate the human species by evolving pathogens via a complex set of variables to simulate the severity and spread of the plague. Tomorrow's CRISPR-based "gene drives" (cf. Gene Drive FAQ - Sculpting Evolution) have the capacity to kill billions of sentient beings or make the world a radically better place.
https://www.quora.com/Is-genetic-engineering-crispr-gene-drive-etc-advanced-enough-to-kill-or-save-billions-of-people
----------------
Could you make a genetically targeted weapon?
Oct, 2004
- The BMA, which dismissed the idea of genetic weapons in a 1999 report (Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity I), has lifted its new concerns from the work of a German group called the Sunshine Project. It looked at how mutations in our genome called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differ between specific ethnic groups and concluded: "Genome data in public databases revealed that hundreds, possibly thousands, of target sequences for ethnic specific weapons do exist. It appears that ethnic specific biological weapons may indeed become possible in the near future."
Rather than specifically triggering the toxic effects of organisms such as anthrax, the Sunshine project warned that weapons based on a new medical technique called RNA interference could shut down vital genes. If the sequence of the target gene varies between two different populations the technique could be used to interrupt key body functions in one population and not the other. "If as little as 10% or 20% of a target population would be affected, this would wreak havoc among enemy soldiers on a battlefield or in an enemy society as a whole," the group said.
Others say the concerns are exaggerated. "Trying to find a weapon that affects quite a few of one ethnic group and none of another ethnic group is just not going to happen," says David Goldstein, who studies population genetics at University College London. "Because all groups are quite similar you will never get something that is highly selective. The best you would probably do is something that kills 20% of one group and 28% of another."
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/oct/28/thisweekssciencequestions.weaponstechnology
----------------
Ethnic specific weapons: The real story behind the murder of Dr David Kelly
July 27, 2010
https://www.sott.net/article/212776-Ethnic-specific-weapons-The-real-story-behind-the-murder-of-Dr-David-Kelly
----------------
Many people ask if bioweapons can be used against a specific group of people. We can see that certain groups of people can react differently to certain chemicals and pesticides. These types of chemical, biological and genetically modified experiments with weapons and viruses can cause harm to the environment, including all people, animals, as well as other types of beneficial organisms and bacteria. Others claim that the research on biological and genetically modified viruses could help solve many of the diseases that harm millions of people a year.
We can see the problems with many bioweapons that could be targeted against specific living beings. We are for using medical technology for good, and for promoting life on this planet. With many of the current genetic diseases and disorders, we should concentrate on solving many of these problems, instead of creating them. We now would like to give an example of how humans are all very similar and also very different, with unique genetic traits for scientists to study.
----------------
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Chapter 9: Genetic disorders and diseases
----------------
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We are for promoting and expanding all human races to live together in peace and harmony. We even believe that all human races should be able to travel to space, and expand all the races on different planets and moons. We could even gather and harvest many ideas from trillions of people in the Universe. We can eliminate disease and poverty, and work on making the Universe a better place for all to live.
----------------
List of genetic disorders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders
-------------------------------------------
Genetic Disorders in Arab Populations
http://www.cags.org.ae/cbc02ga.pdf
Genetic disorders in Arab populations as for OMIM.
http://www.cags.org.ae/cbc02ga.pdf
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-----------------------------------
Medical genetics of Jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_genetics_of_Jews
The medical genetics of Jews is the study, screening, and treatment of genetic disorders more common in particular Jewish populations than in the population as a whole.[1] The genetics of Ashkenazi Jews have been particularly well-studied, resulting in the discovery of many genetic disorders associated with this ethnic group. In contrast, the medical genetics of Sephardic Jews and Mizrahi Jews are more complicated, since they are more genetically diverse and consequently no genetic disorders are more common in these groups as a whole; instead, they tend to have the genetic diseases common in their various countries of origin.[1][2] Several organizations, such as Dor Yeshorim,[3] offer screening for Ashkenazi genetic diseases, and these screening programs have had a significant impact, in particular by reducing the number of cases of Tay–Sachs disease.
Ashkenazi diseases
The most detailed genetic analysis study of Ashkenazi was published in September 2014 by Shai Carmi and his team at Columbia University.[14] The results of the detailed study show that today's 10 million Ashkenazi Jews descend from a population of only 350 individuals who lived about 600–800 years ago. That population derived from both Europe and the Middle East.[15] There is evidence that the population bottleneck may have allowed deleterious alleles to become more prevalent in the population due to genetic drift.[16] As a result, this group has been particularly intensively studied, so many mutations have been identified as common in Ashkenazis.[17] Of these diseases, many also occur in other Jewish groups and in non-Jewish populations, although the specific mutation which causes the disease may vary between populations. For example, two different mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene causes Gaucher's disease in Ashkenazis, which is their most common genetic disease, but only one of these mutations is found in non-Jewish groups.[4] A few diseases are unique to this group; for example, familial dysautonomia is almost unknown in other populations.[4]
Genetic disorders common in Ashkenazi Jews[1]
| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene | Carrier frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Favism | X-linked | G6PD | |
| Bloom syndrome | Autosomal recessive | BLM | 1/100 |
| Breast cancer and ovarian cancer | Autosomal dominant | BRCA1 or BRCA2 | 1/100 and 1/75, respectively |
| Canavan disease | Autosomal recessive | ASPA | 1/60 |
| Congenital deafness | Autosomal recessive | GJB2 or GJB6 | 1/25 |
| Cystic fibrosis | Autosomal recessive | CFTR | 1/25 |
| Haemophilia C | Autosomal recessive | F11 | 1/12 |
| Familial dysautonomia | Autosomal recessive | IKBKAP | 1/30 |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia | Autosomal dominant | LDLR | 1/69 |
| Familial hyperinsulinism | Autosomal recessive | ABCC8 | 1/125–1/160 |
| Fanconi anemia C | Autosomal recessive | FACC | 1/100 |
| Gaucher disease | Autosomal recessive | GBA | 1/7–1/18 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease type 1a | Autosomal recessive | G6PC | 1/71 |
| Mucolipidosis IV | Autosomal recessive | MCOLN1 | 1/110 |
| Niemann–Pick (type A) | Autosomal recessive | SMPD1 | 1/90 |
| Nonclassical 21 OHase deficiency | Autosomal recessive | CPY21 | 1/6 |
| Parkinson's disease | Autosomal dominant | LRRK2 | 1/42[18] |
| Tay–Sachs | Autosomal recessive | HEXA | 1/25–1/30 |
| Torsion dystonia | Autosomal dominant | DYT1 | 1/4000 |
| Usher syndrome | Autosomal recessive | PCDH15 | 1/72 |
Tay–Sachs disease
Tay–Sachs disease, which can present as a fatal illness of children that causes mental deterioration prior to death, was historically more prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews, although high levels of the disease are also found in some Pennsylvania Dutch, southern Louisiana Cajun, and eastern Quebec French Canadian populations.[20] Since the 1970s, however, proactive genetic testing has been quite effective in eliminating Tay–Sachs from the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
Lipid transport diseases
Gaucher's disease, in which lipids accumulate in inappropriate locations, occurs most frequently among Ashkenazi Jews; the mutation is carried by roughly one in every 15 Ashkenazi Jews, compared to one in 100 of the general American population. Gaucher's disease can cause brain damage and seizures, but these effects are not usually present in the form manifested among Ashkenazi Jews; while sufferers still bruise easily, and it can still potentially rupture the spleen, it generally has only a minor impact on life expectancy.
Ashkenazi Jews are also highly affected by other lysosomal storage diseases, particularly in the form of lipid storage disorders. Compared to other ethnic groups, they more frequently act as carriers of mucolipidosis[24] and Niemann–Pick disease, the latter of which can prove fatal.
The occurrence of several lysosomal storage disorders in the same population suggests the alleles responsible might have conferred some selective advantage in the past. This would be similar to the hemoglobin allele which is responsible for sickle-cell disease, but solely in people with two copies; those with just one copy of the allele have a sickle cell trait and gain partial immunity to malaria as a result. This effect is called heterozygote advantage.
Some of these disorders may have become common in this population due to selection for high levels of intelligence (see Ashkenazi intelligence). However, other research suggests no difference is found between the frequency of this group of diseases and other genetic diseases in Ashkenazis, which is evidence against any specific selectivity towards lysosomal disorders.
Familial dysautonomia
Diseases inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern often occur in endogamous populations. Among Ashkenazi Jews, a higher incidence of specific genetic disorders and hereditary diseases have been verified, including:
- Colorectal cancer due to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer[33]
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (nonclassical form) [34]
- Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis[35]
- Crohn's disease (the NOD2/CARD15 locus appears to be implicated)[36]
- Joubert syndrome type 2 is disproportionately frequent among people of Jewish descent; this has been attributed to the resistance to intermarriage of this population.[37]
- Kaposi's sarcoma[38]
- Maple syrup urine disease [39]
- Mucolipidosis IV [40]
- Nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness, DFNB1 (connexin 26) [41]
- Parkinson's disease (G2019S/LRRK2 mutation;[42] The LRRK2 mutation on the main haplotype, shared by Ashkenazi Jews, North Africans, and Europeans, initially arose in the Near East at least 4000 years ago. Because of a founder effect, the ancestors of present-day Ashkenazi Jews may have kept the low-frequency G2019S mutation through the different diasporas, whereas Near Eastern daughter populations lost the mutation. The mutation might then have been "reintroduced by recurrent gene flow from Ashkenazi populations to other Jewish, European, and North African populations. The present-day frequency of the mutation in control populations (0.05% in Europeans, 0.5% in North-African Arabs and 1% in Ashkenazi Jews) may support this scenario".)[43][44]
- Pemphigus vulgaris[45]
- Schizophrenia (DNST3 gene variation)[46]
- Von Gierke disease[47]
- Zellweger syndrome
Non-Ashkenazi disorders
In contrast to the Ashkenazi population, Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews are much more divergent groups, with ancestors from Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, Iran, Iraq, India, and Yemen, with specific genetic disorders found in each regional group, or even in specific subpopulations in these regions.| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene or enzyme | Carrier frequency | Populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oculocutaneous albinism | Autosomal recessive | TYR | 1/30 | Morocco |
| Ataxia telangiectasia | Autosomal recessive | ATM | 1/80 | Morocco, Tunisia |
| Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease | Autosomal dominant | PRNP | 1/24,000 | Libya |
| Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis | Autosomal recessive | CYP27A1 | 1/70 | Morocco |
| Cystinuria | Autosomal recessive | SLC7A9 | 1/25 | Libya |
| Familial Mediterranean fever | Autosomal recessive | MEFV | 1/5–7 | All MENA (Middle Eastern and North African countries). |
| Glycogen storage disease III | Autosomal recessive | AGL | 1/35 | Morocco, North Africa |
| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy | Autosomal recessive | DYSF | 1/10 | Libya |
| Tay–Sachs | Autosomal recessive | HEXA | 1/110 | Morocco |
| 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency | Autosomal recessive | CYP11B1 | 1/30–1/128 | Morocco |
| Disease | Mode of inheritance | Gene or enzyme | Carrier frequency | Populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-thalassemia | Autosomal recessive | HBB | 1/6 | Iran, Iraq, Kurdistan |
| Factor VII deficiency | Autosomal recessive | F7 | 1/40 | Iran |
| Familial Mediterranean fever | Autosomal recessive, but heterozygous carriers also can show clinical manifestations. | MEFV | 1/5–1/7 | Iraq, Iran, Armenia, North African Jews, Ashkenazi[49] |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | X-linked | G6PD | 1/4 | Iraq, esp. Kurdistan, Syria and all MENA countries. Female heterozygotes can also show clinical symptoms due to lyonization (X-inactivation) especially during pregnancy.[50] |
| Inclusion body myopathy | Autosomal recessive | GNE | 1/12 | Iran |
| Metachromatic leukodystrophy | Autosomal recessive | ARSA | 1/50 | Yemen |
| Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy | Autosomal, recessive or dominant | PABPN1 | 1/7 | Bukhara |
| Phenylketonuria | Autosomal recessive | PAH | 1/35 | Yemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_genetics_of_Jews
-----------------------------------------------------
Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Panel (AJGP) - What Are Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Diseases?
Ashkenazi Jewish genetic diseases are a group of rare disorders that occur more often in people of Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish heritage than in the general population. Even though most of these diseases are severe and can cause early death, some can be treated to reduce symptoms and prolong life. Some of these diseases can be found during pregnancy through chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. This testing is done usually if one or both parents are carriers of a genetic disease.
Diseases in this group include:
Bloom syndrome. Babies with this disease are born small and remain shorter than normal as they grow. Their skin may look red, and they have more lung and ear infections than children normally have.
Canavan disease. This disease gradually destroys brain tissue.
Cystic fibrosis. This disease causes very thick mucus in the lungs and problems with digesting food.
Familial dysautonomia (FD). People with this problem cannot feel pain, they sweat a lot, and they have trouble with speech and coordination.
Fanconi anemia. People with this problem do not have enough blood cells and have problems with the heart, kidneys, arms, or legs. They also are more likely to get cancer.
Gaucher disease. This disease causes a type of fat called glucocerebroside to build up in certain cells of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Mucolipidosis IV. This problem causes the nervous system to deteriorate, or break down, over time.
Niemann-Pick disease (type A). This disease causes a type of fat called sphingomyelin to build up in cells of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Tay-Sachs disease. This disease causes a type of fat called ganglioside to build up in the cells of the brain and nervous system.
Torsion dystonia. People with this problem have ongoing spasms that twist the muscles in their arms, legs, and sometimes their body. Testing for this condition may not always be done.
About 1 out of 4 people of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage is a carrier of one of these genetic conditions, most commonly of Gaucher disease, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, familial dysautonomia, or Canavan disease.1
http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/ashkenazi-jewish-genetic-panel-ajgp-what-are-ashkenazi-jewish-genetic-diseases
-----------------------------
Jewish Genetic Disease Consortium (JGDC)
Sephardic and Mizrahi Diseases
There is no single preconception carrier-screening panel for people of Sephardic or Mizrahi background. Carrier screening is dependent upon country of origin. People of Sephardic or Mizrahi background should seek genetic counseling.
http://www.jewishgeneticdiseases.org/jewish-genetic-diseases/
---------------------------------
All About Genetic Diseases That Strike Sephardic Jews
The Forward Staff has compiled a guide to the most common heritable “Sephardic Jewish diseases,” with information on symptoms, causes and carrier rates for each, as well as the geographic regions from which affected Jewish populations originate.
These diseases are mostly caused by recessive genetic mutations, meaning that mutations must be present in both copies (alleles) of the gene for the associated condition to be expressed. When both parents carry a given mutation, each child of theirs has a 25% of developing the associated disease. This is why couples with at least one partner of Sephardic or Mizrahi origin are encouraged to undergo screening if they plan to have children.
Unlike Ashkenazi Jews, who share ethnic commonalities regardless of country of origin,” Sephardi” is a broad label. Subgroups like Moroccan Jews or Iranian Jews have distinct characteristics, making universal screening panels for inherited genetic diseases for all Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews impractical. Therefore, it’s best to discuss one’s family heritage with a doctor or genetic counselor in order to receive screening recommendations.
The Sephardic Health Organization for Referral and Education recommends that non-Ashkenazi Jewish couples get tested for the 19 most common Ashkenazi Jewish diseases as well — because some of the diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy, can also be found among non-Ashkenazi populations. Screenings usually require blood samples.
Data on the estimated carrier frequency and the affected Jewish population are courtesy of the Jewish Genetic Disease Consortium in New York.
Dr. Adele Schneider, the medical director of the Einstein Victor Center for the Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has contributed to this section.
(1) Alpha Thalassemia
(2) Ataxia Telangiectasia
(3) Beta Thalassemia
(4) Corticosterone Methyloxidase Type 2 Deficiency
(5) Costeff Optical Atrophy
(6) Cystic Fibrosis
(7) Familial Mediterranean Fever
(8) Glycogen Storage Disease Type 3
(9) G6PD Deficiency
(10) Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy
(11) Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2B
(12) Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
(13) Normophosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis
(14) Polyglandular Deficiency Syndrome
(15) Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency
(16) Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1A
(17) Wolman's Disease
http://forward.com/culture/203321/all-about-genetic-diseases-that-strike-sephardic-j/
-----------------------------------------------
Genetic Diseases
Jewish
There are several genetic disease mutations that occur at increased frequencies in the Ashkenazi Jewish (Central & Eastern European), Sephardi Jewish (Southern European and Northern African), and Mizrahi Jewish (Middle Eastern/Arab) populations. The Mount Sinai Comprehensive Jewish Carrier Screening Panel covers 96 conditions that fall into this category. Some disorders are specific to one of the 3 sub-populations; however, there are certain diseases that are relevant to all Jewish sub-groups. Because these disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive or X-linked manner, if you are of Jewish descent you may be at risk for being a carrier for a genetic disorder without even knowing it. Some of the most common diseases are listed below.Abetalipoproteinemia
Alport Syndrome
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Bloom Syndrome
Canavan Disease
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency
Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ia
Dyskeratosis Congenita
Ehlers-Danlos VIIC
Familial Dysautonomia
Familial Hyperinsulinism
Fanconi Anemia
Galactosemia (also more frequent among people of Irish descent)
Gaucher Disease (Type I)
Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a
Joubert Syndrome 2
Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency (E3)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Mucolipidosis Type IV
Nemaline Myopathy
Niemann-Pick Type A
3-Phospoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Retinitis Pigmentosa 59
Smith-Limli-Opitz Syndrome
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Tay-Sachs Disease (also more frequent among French Canadians, Cajuns, and people of Irish/British descent)
Tyrosinemia I (also more frequent in Norwegians, Finnish, French Canadians)
Usher Syndrome (IF & III)
Walker-Warburg Syndrome
Wilson Disease
Zellweger Syndrome
http://www.geneticdiseasefoundation.org/genetic-diseases/
-----
The population genetics of the Jewish people
Oct 2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543766/
----
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease among Libyan Jews
Sep 1991
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3520745?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
-------------------
Jewish Genetics: 75% of Jews Are Lactose Intolerant and 11 Other Facts
July 8, 2015
Almost half of Ashkenazim carry at least one of 38 genetic diseases, and our closest genetic relatives are Druze, Bedouin, Palestinians - and Italians.
Is there such a thing as a “Jewish gene”? No, there isn't.
http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/science/.premium-1.664967
-----------------------
Genetic studies on Arabs
The Centre for Arab Genomic Studies (CAGS) oversees genetic analyses on the populations of the Arab world. Based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, it indicates that Arab countries have among the highest rates of genetic disorders in the world. Some 906 pathologies are endemic to the Arab states, including thalassaemia, Tourette's syndrome, Wilson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, mitochondrial encephalomyopathies and Niemann-Pick disease.
Genetic diseases Databases in Arabic countries and studies
Several organizations maintain genetic databases for each Arabic country. The Centre for Arab Genomic Studies (CAGS) is the main organization based in the United Arab Emirates. It initiated a pilot project to construct the Catalogue for Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database for genetic disorders in Arab populations. At present, the CTGA database is centrally maintained in Dubai, and hosts entries for nearly 1540 Mendelian disorders and related genes. This number is increasing as researchers are joining the largest Arab scientific effort to define genetic disorders described in the region. The Center promotes research studies on these emergent disorders. Some of the genetic disorders endemic to the Arab world are: hemoglobinopathy, sickle cell anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is an inherited genetic condition with critical consequences. The Centre provide information about specific countries, and maintain a list of Genomic diseases.
Specific rare autosomal recessive diseases are high in Arabic countries like Bardet Biedl syndrome, Meckel syndrome, congenital chloride diarrhea, severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SMARMD) Lysosomal storage diseases and PKU are high in the Gulf states. Dr Teebi's book provides detailed information and by country. Even the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia last year, it has infected 77 people, mostly in the Middle East and Europe. Forty of them - more than half - have died. But MERS is not yet a pandemic, could become pervasive in genetic disease patient.
Dr Thurman' guidebook about Rare genetic diseases another book Arabic genetic disorders layman guide Suadi Journal article about genetic diseases in Arabic countries The highest proportion of genetic disorders manifestations are: congenital malformations followed by endocrine metabolic disorders and then by Neuron disorders (such as Neuromotor disease)and then by blood immune disorders and then neoplasms. The Mode of Inheritance is mainly autosomal recessive followed by autosomal dominant. Some of the diseases are beta-thalassemia mutations, sickle-cell disease, congenital heart-disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, molecular characterization, recessive osteoperosis, gluthanione-reducatsafe DEf. A study about sickle cell anemia in Arabs article about Birth defects 6Glucose Phisphate isomere deficiency responsible for unexpected hemolytic episodes. one of late Dr Teebi's syndromes. flash cards guide. NY times article In Palestinian Arabs study study about potential on pharmacology another study on Arab Palestinians Database of Genetic disorders in Arabs study In Palestinians[26] new general study about databases Database for B thalassemia in Arabs Israeli National genetic bank contains genetic mutations of Arabs Teebi database 2002 2010 genes responsible for genetic diseases among Palestinian Arabs The next Pan-Arab conference Nov 2013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Arabs
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Genetic disease in the Arab world
Oct, 2006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618432/
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Sickle-cell Anemia and Consanguinity among the Saudi Arabian Population
June 15, 2016
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessively inherited blood disorders. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of this disease is significantly varied in different regions of the country, and the highest prevalence in the Eastern province of the country. A consanguineous marriage has been linked to the high incidence and prevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), which, accounts more than 50%, with the rate of marriage between first cousins ranging from 40% to 50%. However, the last few years showed no increase in the prevalence of sickle cell disease among Saudi’s. This might be related to the remarkable scientific progress in the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the disease, improving knowledge regarding SCA among community, better medical care, and the efforts of Saudi’s government to provide genetic counselling services and implementing of mandatory premarital screening program. This review therefore is about the epidemiology, history of SCA among Saudi’s, clinical complications, and consanguinity marriage and SCA, with a focus on its local premarital screening program.
http://www.archivesofmedicine.com/medicine/sicklecell-anemia-and-consanguinity-among-the-saudi-arabian-population.php?aid=9701
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Sickle Cell Anemia: It's Not a 'Black Disease'
How Sickle Cell is Acquired - Inheritance
As we've become more knowledgeable about sickle cell anemia we've discovered that it is not infectious but rather genetic. In other words you can't get sickle cell from exposure to a toxin, infection, virus, or parasite. People with sickle cell are born with the disease. It is inherited when parents pass it on to their children.
Location of Sickle Cell Carriers
Sickle Cell in the United States
We've also discovered that sickle cell is, in the United States, very prevalent among dark skinned people and almost completely absent in "white" populations. This is why sickle cell anemia has been, for a very long time, associated with people of dark skin color. This association has been based on the partially correct assumption that sickle cell originates in Africa and those who are of African descent (and therefore very often dark skinned) are the only people who can carry the gene for the disease and pass it on genetically.
Sickle Cell in the World
While it is true that sickle cell is very prevalent in much of Africa it is entirely untrue that it is confined just to that region. In fact sickle cell is prevalent in parts of all of the following areas:
Africa
Mediterranean countries (such as Greece, Turkey, and Italy)
The Arabian peninsula
India
Spanish-speaking regions (South America, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean)
In each region both dark and light skinned people have been found to be sickle cell carriers. The explanation for this particular distribution lies in explanation for the survival of sickle cell over time.
http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/sicklecell/sicklecellblackdisease.cfm
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The epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the Arab world: A systematic review
2015
The review showed that the prevalence of different types of thyroid disease varied between the
reported studies in Arab world ranging from 6.18 to 47.34% prevalence of goiter reported by
several studies conducted in Arab world, such as Egypt, Algeria and Bahrain with 25.25, 86 and 1.7%, respectively. Gender, dietary factors, iodine deficiency, family history, diabetes and x-ray radiation were reported as risk factors associated with different type of thyroid diseases.
The most prevalence of thyroid disease was concluded to be thyroid lesions which varied in different regions of Arab and the burden of thyroid cancer is very high and very common in different Arab region, and further longitudinal studies are still needed to investigate the prognosis and determinants of these thyroid diseases in the Arab world.
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JPHE/article-full-text-pdf/0C73CDC56758
[Eating Iodine can help fight thyroid cancer, seaweed has a lot of Iodine.]
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Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
GENETIC DISORDERS IN ARABS
Genetic and inherited disorders have accompanied humanity since its earliest existence. Many prehistoric and historic sites have revealed archeological remains with pathologies suggestive of inherited disorders. Paleopathology studies - the identification of pathological conditions in ancient skeletal remains - from many world sites revealed the presence of
various hereditary or congenital conditions including Paget’s disease, neurofibromatosis, cleft lip and cleft palate, juvenile kyphosis (Scheuermann’s disease), scoliosis, spina bifida, achondroplasia, Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I), Hunter’s syndrome,
(mucopolysaccharidosis type II), Morquio’s syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV), osteogenesis imperfecta (types III and IV), cleidocranial dysostosis, osteopetrosis,
diaphyseal sclerosis (Camuratoi-Engelmann disease), osteopoikilosis, and many others (reviewed in Ortner, 2003). One of the oldest of such records includes a 1.5
million year old fossil of a 2-year-old Homo erectus child with amelogenesis imperfecta (
Zilberman et al., 2004). In Indonesia, the skeleton of a 25-30 year-old Homo
floresiensis, discovered in 2003 on the island of Flores, featured a small skull that could be due to microcephaly (Jacob et al., 2006). In Egypt, scientific investigation of mummies from the huge necropolis of Thebes-West in Upper Egypt revealed osseous manifestations suggestive of metabolic and chronic anemia in high frequencies in populations of the “Middle Kingdom” (2050-1750 BCE;
Nerlich et al., 2002). In addition, bizarre physical features were shared by many members of Egypt’s 18th Dynasty, including the Pharaoh Akhenaten, suggestive of possible familial disorders possibly including the aromatase excess syndrome, the sagittal craniosynostosis syndrome, or a variant of the Antley-Bixler syndrome (Braverman et al., 2009). Interestingly, ancient DNA analysis revealed
a b-thalassemia mutation in the skeletal remains of an Ottoman child with severe porotic hyperostosis (Filon et al., 1995).
The Early Farmers
Around 12,000 years ago, Neolithic human populations adapted agricultural technologies that allowed them to establish permanent sizeable settlements and to adapt a far-reaching shift in subsistence and lifestyle. Undoubtedly, improvement of the climatic conditions in the area along with the practice of agriculture helped in the establishment of major historical settlements with sizeable densities that could have contributed enormously to the genetic makeup of modern Arab populations. Yet, farming was almost always associated with settlements near mosquito-infested soft and marshy soil causing large malarial outbreaks (Grmek, 1994; de Zulueta, 1994; Joy et al., 2003). These outbreaks imposed selective pressure on the human genome and amplified the frequencies of
several genetic disorders including sickle cell disease, b-thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (Angel, 1966 ;Carter and Mendis, 2002 Kwiatkowski, 2005).
http://www.cags.org.ae/cb404c1.pdf
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Lifestyle disorders top health issues in Arab world
January 2014
PARIS: Heart disease and stroke have replaced infectious disease as the top causes of early death in the Arab world, tracking the West in a trend toward lifestyle disorders, The Lancet reported Monday.
An international consortium of scientists compared the state of health in the 22 countries of the Arab League in 1990 and in 2010, using data from a vast study — the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases report.
In 1990, respiratory infection headed the list of concerns, accounting for 11 percent of deaths, while stillbirths and poor nutrition also featured high on the mortality list.
These problems still persist in the low-income countries of the Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia and Yemen, the investigators found.
http://www.arabnews.com/news/515126
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Arab countries living longer but battling chronic disease
In the region as a whole, important changes occurred over those two decades. Burden attributable to non-communicable disease, including ischemic heart disease, mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, and musculoskeletal disorders increased, while the premature death and disability from most newborn, nutritional, and maternal disorders decreased. Basically, there were tremendous improvements in what is killing people but not in what is ailing them.
Of the 10 leading causes of health loss, combining both premature mortality and years lived with disability, between 1990 and 2010, lower respiratory infections remained the first, while ischemic heart disease rose to second. Major depressive disorder rose from eighth to fifth place, and low back pain, which was not among the top causes of health loss in 1990, was ranked seventh in 2010. The rise of non-communicable disease in the Arab world mirrors similar changes in the US, Western Europe, and Canada.
http://www.healthdata.org/news-release/arab-countries-living-longer-battling-chronic-disease
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Frequently asked questions on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
May, 2017
1. What is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)?
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases in humans, ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/faq/en/
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Population structure and the burden of disease in the United Arab Emirates
2012
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210600612000214
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Saudi Arabia Awakes to the Perils of Inbreeding
MAY 1, 2003
Health officials and genetic researchers here say there is no way to stop inbreeding in this deeply conservative Muslim society, where marrying within the family is a tradition that goes back hundreds of years.
Today, when most unions are still arranged by parents, marrying into wealth and influence often means marrying a relative. Social lives are so restricted that it is virtually impossible for men and women to meet one another outside the umbrella of an extended family. Courtships without parental supervision are rare.
Among more educated Saudis, marrying relatives has become less common and younger generations have begun to pull away from the practice. But for the vast majority, the tradition is still deeply embedded in Saudi culture.
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/world/saudi-arabia-awakes-to-the-perils-of-inbreeding.html
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Hemoglobinopathies in the United Arab Emirates
Genetic Disorders in the UAE Autosomal recessive disorders are common in the UAE.
Hemoglobinopathies are one of the most common disorders among the UAE nationals. Other
diseases include congenital abnormalities, cancers, metabolic disorders, chromosomal aberrations and mental retardation. Monogenic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, fragile-X and G6PD also exist at appreciable levels. During the last two years alone, the author's laboratory has carried out mutational identification and characterization of more than 50 cases of cystic
Fibrosis, predominantly among the UAE nationals.
ß-Thalassemia
ß-Thalassemia (ß-thal) is one of the most common single gene disorders affecting almost all the countries in the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, SouthbEast Asia, Far East, Australasia, the Americas and Africa. It is characterized by the deficiency or absence of ß-globin chain production. More than 200 different mutations have so far been reported that result in
ß- thalassemia.
a-Thalassemia and HbH Disease
a-Thalassemia (a-thal) is generally caused by the deletion of one (-a/
a a) or both (-a/-a or --/a) func-tional a-globin genes leading to a-thal-2
(-a/a) and a-thal-1 (--/a) conditions, respectively. Individuals who inherit two or three functional a-genes (-a/a; -a-a; --/) have a-thal trait with a mild hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Those who inherit a single a-gene (--/-a) have HbH (ß4) disease, a moderately severe hemolytic anemia with a variable clinical course. HbH Disease is the most severe form of the a-thal syndromes compatible with life. Hb Bart's Hydrops Fetalis syndromes arise from total absence of four a-globin genes (--/--) and such condition is incompatible with life. The majority of a-thal and HbH cases in the Gulf Region are caused by point mutations characterized by relatively severe phenotype.
HbH disease is a moderately severe hemolytic anemia with microcytosis, hypochromia, low HbA and HbF levels, and varying quantities of HbH (ß4; 2-30%).
Most of the HbH syndromes were thought to be caused by the deletion or inactivation of three of the four a-globin genes. However, in the last decade, numerous reports have been published demonstrating an increasing number of non-deletional (aT)a-thal as
the molecular basis for many of the HbH syndromes, particularly from the Middle East.
For decades, hematological evaluation and gene mapping techniques have been used to
identify these anomalies at the molecular level. More recently, novel techniques such as PCR have been devised which enable the molecular characterization of such patients rapidly, easily and accurately.
Several studies were conducted in the author's laboratory in an attempt to elucidate the frequency of a-thal in the UAE. Cord blood samples were collected from 418 consecutive UAE national newborns. The PCR-based analysis of the a
-globin gene status demonstrated that the incidence of a-thal, particularly the -a3.7 deletion, was extremely high.
The DNA-based newborn screening survey demonstrated that 49 % of the neonates had
α-thal, one of the highest in the world. The distribution of mutations was as follows:
αα/αα: 51%; -α3.7/αα:34%; -α3.7/-α3.7: 11%; -
α4.2/αα: 1.0% and one newborn was compound heterozygous for the -α3.7/-α4.2geno-
type. The remaining 3% of the chromosomes were
identified with the non-deletional type of αthal (αT). Four different αT alleles were identified; PolyA-1[αPA-1(AATAAA→AATAAG)], PolyA-2 [αPA-2(AATAAA→AATGAA)], Hb Constant Spring [HbCS(αCSα/αCSα) TAA→CAA] and pentanucleotide deletion [α-5nt del(GAGGTGAGG→GAGG)]
https://www.dha.gov.ae/en/SpecialtyCentres/GeneticsCenter/Documents/Hemoglobinopathies%20in%20the%20UAE%20By%20Dr.%20E.%20Baysal.pdf
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In Middle East and North Africa, Health Challenges are Becoming Similar to Those in Western Countries
September 4, 2013
WASHINGTON, September 4, 2013 - In the Middle East and North Africa region, non-communicable diseases such as heart disease (up by 44%), stroke (up 35%), and diabetes (up 87%) are causing more premature death and disability than they did in the past. Potentially preventable risk factors such as poor diets, high blood pressure, high body mass index (an indicator of obesity and overweight), and smoking are contributing to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases in the region.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/09/04/middle-east-north-Africa-health-challenges-similar-western-countries
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Cardiovascular diseases on the increase in Arab states
March 2012
Children in the Arab Gulf region are more at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than those in other Arab states, according to a new report from the World Heart Federation.
The rapid urbanisation of Arab Gulf states means children are increasingly living in densely populated cities and suffering exposure to air and water pollution. Many are being denied access to green spaces and their health is further compromised by passive smoking and fast food.
Kuwait is the most urbanised Arab state, with 98% of its population living in cities, followed closely by Qatar with 96%. Neighbouring Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) come next, with 84% and 78% of people living in cities respectively.
http://www.natureasia.com/en/nmiddleeast/article/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2012.36
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About the Epidemiology of IBD
June, 2012
Epidemiology is the study of the frequency and distribution of diseases in the population.
It is estimated that 1.4 million Americans suffer from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases, or IBD). The search for risk factors in IBD has been frustrating, and the difficulty in diagnosing these diseases has been a further hindrance. However, epidemiologists have gathered enough information to know a good deal about the distribution of IBD in the United States and Western Europe. Current evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to these diseases.
Genetics
In 2001, Nod2, the first gene linked to Crohn's disease, was discovered. This breakthrough was funded in part by a CCFA research grant. Most researchers agree that there is a strong genetic component in IBD. If a person has a relative with the disease, his/her risk is estimated to be at least 10 times that of the general population -- 30 times greater if the relative is a sibling. New technologies, including a genome-wide search, are helping researchers to close in on the genes that predispose people to IBD.
Race and Ethnicity
American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to develop IBD than the general population.
IBD has long been considered a predominantly white disease. The prevalence rate among whites is 149 per 100,000. Among African Americans, however, there has been a steady increase in reported cases of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. An HMO with two million members reported hospitalization rates per 100,000 by race, over a six-year period, as:
10.2 - Whites
10.2 - African Americans
According to this study, prevalence rates among Hispanics and Asians were lower than those for whites and African Americans.
http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/resources/epidemiology.html
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Middle Eastern/Arab Women
Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects women around the world and it is estimated that its prevalence runs at about 10-15% (Fuggle, Glover, Khan & Haydon, 2002). Some studies show that PPD may affect up to 30% of all women after delivery (Evins, Theofrastous & Galvin, 2000; WHO, 2003), and has a significant impact on the mother and long-term consequences on the cognitive and emotional development of children (Tammentie, Tarka, Astedt-Kurki & Paavilainen, 2002). It is generally also agreed that while this illness can turn into major depression and carries substantial risk of morbidity and death, it is an underdiagnosed and underrated illness. Mathers & Loncar (2006) project that by the year 2030, depression will be one of the top three leading causes of death in the world; yet PPD is one of the least addressed types of depression today. Additionally, for women who have experienced PPD, up to 50% will face a reoccurrence during subsequent pregnancies (Nonacs and Cohen, 2000).\
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jmmh/10381607.0009.104/--prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-postpartum-depression?rgn=main;view=fulltext
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Indian genetic disease database
Indians, representing about one-sixth of the world population, consist of several thousands of endogamous groups with strong potential for excess of recessive diseases. However, no database is available on Indian population with comprehensive information on the diseases common in the country. To address this issue, we present Indian Genetic Disease Database (IGDD) release 1.0 (http://www.igdd.iicb.res.in)—an integrated and curated repository of growing number of mutation data on common genetic diseases afflicting the Indian populations. Currently the database covers 52 diseases with information on 5760 individuals carrying the mutant alleles of causal genes. Information on locus heterogeneity, type of mutation, clinical and biochemical data, geographical location and common mutations are furnished based on published literature. The database is currently designed to work best with Internet Explorer 8 (optimal resolution 1440?×?900) and it can be searched based on disease of interest, causal gene, type of mutation and geographical location of the patients or carriers. Provisions have been made for deposition of new data and logistics for regular updation of the database. The IGDD web portal, planned to be made freely available, contains user-friendly interfaces and is expected to be highly useful to the geneticists, clinicians, biologists and patient support groups of various genetic diseases.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013653/
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Prevalence of common disease-associated variants in Asian Indians
2008
Trevor J Pemberton,
Niyati U Mehta,
David Witonsky,
Anna Di Rienzo,
Hooman Allayee,
David V Conti and
Pragna I PatelEmail author
BMC Genetics20089:13
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-13
© Pemberton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
Background
Asian Indians display a high prevalence of diseases linked to changes in diet and environment that have arisen as their lifestyle has become more westernized. Using 1200 genome-wide polymorphisms in 432 individuals from 15 Indian language groups, we have recently shown that: (i) Indians constitute a distinct population-genetic cluster, and (ii) despite the geographic and linguistic diversity of the groups they exhibit a relatively low level of genetic heterogeneity.
Results
We investigated the prevalence of common polymorphisms that have been associated with diseases, such as atherosclerosis (ALOX5), hypertension (CYP3A5, AGT, GNB3), diabetes (CAPN10, TCF7L2, PTPN22), prostate cancer (DG8S737, rs1447295), Hirschsprung disease (RET), and age-related macular degeneration (CFH, LOC387715). In addition, we examined polymorphisms associated with skin pigmentation (SLC24A5) and with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (TAS2R38). All polymorphisms were studied in a cohort of 576 India-born Asian Indians sampled in the United States. This sample consisted of individuals whose mother tongue is one of 14 of the 22 "official" languages recognized in India as well as individuals whose mother tongue is Parsi, a cultural group that has resided in India for over 1000 years. Analysis of the data revealed that allele frequency differences between the different Indian language groups were small, and interestingly the variant alleles of ALOX5 g.8322G>A and g.50778G>A, and PTPN22 g.36677C>T were present only in a subset of the Indian language groups. Furthermore, a latitudinal cline was identified both for the allele frequencies of the SNPs associated with hypertension (CYP3A5, AGT, GNB3), as well as for those associated with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (TAS2R38).
Conclusion
Although caution is warranted due to the fact that this US-sampled Indian cohort may not represent a random sample from India, our results will hopefully assist in the design of future studies that investigate the genetic causes of these diseases in India. Our results also support the inclusion of the Indian population in disease-related genetic studies, as it exhibits unique genotype as well as phenotype characteristics that may yield new insights into the underlying causes of common diseases that are not available in other populations.
https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-9-13
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Diet, Genetics, and Disease: A Focus on the Middle East and North Africa Region
2012
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2012/109037/
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Who were the ghost people of Africa? DNA reveals ancient Africans bred with new unknown race of humans just 50,000 years ago
13 February 2020
The researchers studied the genetic material of 405 people from West Africa
They discovered mystery genetic material, which they have termed 'ghost DNA'
It suggests that humans mixed with an unknown group about 50,000 years ago
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7997861/New-study-shows-ghost-DNA-modern-day-population-west-Africa.html
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The 'Ghosts' of 2 Unknown Extinct Human Species Have Been Found in Modern DNA
17 JULY 2019
https://www.sciencealert.com/two-unknown-species-of-ancient-extinct-hominids-have-been-identified-in-modern-dna
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An Overview of Human Genetic Disorders with Special Reference to African Americans
October 27, 2015
Diabetes
Hypertension
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Alzheimer’s Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Kidney Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AIDS
Sarcoidosis
[Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency]
[Beta-thalassemia]
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/an-overview-of-human-genetic-disorders-with-special-reference-to-africanamericans-2155-9821-1000e139.php?aid=63273
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Genetic disorders in Southern Africa.
Abstract
Certain uncommon genetic disorders occur relatively frequently in the various population groups of Southern Africa. Prominent among these are porphyria, colonic polyposis and sclerosteosis in the Afrikaner community, Huntington's chorea in the British, Gaucher's and Tay-Sachs diseases in the Jewish population, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency) and thalassaemia in the Greek community, various skeletal dysplasias in the Black group, lipoid proteinosis and cleidocranial dysostosis in the Cape Coloured population, diabetes mellitus in the Indian community and retinitis pigmentosa in the Tristan da Cunha islanders. In addition, 'private' syndromes have been encountered in virtually every group. Awareness of the ethnic distribution of unusual genetic conditions is of considerable practical importance during the differential diagnosis of obscure disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/959924
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GENETIC ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN
POPULATIONS: HUMAN EVOLUTION
AND COMPLEX DISEASE
http://bioinformatics.bc.edu/~marth/BI820-2004S/files/Tishkoff-AfricanPop-NRG-2002.pdf
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Moroccan Genetic Disease Database
Database content
| Disease | 325 |
|---|---|
| Gene | 389 |
| Mutation | 532 |
| Polymorphism | 305 |
| Article | 399 |
http://mgdd.pasteur.ma/
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Genetics and genomic medicine in Morocco: the present hope can
make the future bright
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.255/pdf
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Consanguinity and genetic disorders in Egypt
Jan 2012http://journals.lww.com/mejmedgen/Fulltext/2012/01000/Consanguinity_and_genetic_disorders_in_Egypt.3.aspx
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Profile of genetic disorders prevalent in northeast region of Cairo, Egypt
February 2012http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110863011000620
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The genetic affinities of Ethiopians
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/01/the-genetic-affinities-of-ethiopians/#.WXDzxullDIU
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Hereditary neurodegenerative disorders in Nigerian Africans.
1984https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6230542
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Oldest genetic disorder few Kenyans know about
April 16th 2017
https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2001236551/oldest-genetic-disorder-few-kenyans-know-about
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Congo’s Uncharted Territory
Aug 19, 2013http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2013/08/19/congos-neglected-tropical-diseases/#.WXDxSOllDIU
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Genetic Disorders in Sudan
April 2010https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-05080-0_20/fulltext.html
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Blacks More Prone to Colon Cancers That Arise Between Colonoscopies: Study
May 22, 2017
A new study finds that older black Americans are far more likely than whites to develop a colon cancer in the decade-long gap between these screenings.
Some of this may be due to where black patients receive their colonoscopy, the researchers said.
"Blacks and other minorities more frequently received colonoscopies from physicians with lower [colon] polyp detection rates, suggesting there was lower quality of care," said study lead author Stacey Fedewa, a researcher with the American Cancer Society.
http://health.usnews.com/health-care/articles/2017-05-22/blacks-more-prone-to-colon-cancers-that-arise-between-colonoscopies-study
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African Americans at Increased Risk for Eye Diseases
Cataracts
Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye. African Americans are 1.5 times more likely to develop cataracts than the general population and five times more likely to develop related blindness.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a family of diseases that affect the optic nerve and cause vision loss. African Americans are five times more likely than whites to develop glaucoma and four times more likely to develop related blindness.
Diabetes
African American adults are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to be diagnosed with diabetes and twice as likely to develop and die from diabetes-related complications. Diabetes can cause diabetic retinopathy, a condition that can lead to retinal damage and permanent vision loss.
Hypertension
Even though hypertension may not seem to be related to the eyes, high blood pressure can cause vision problems and vision loss. African American adults are more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension but less likely to have the condition under control (Source: Vision Problems).
Black History Month is truly a time to celebrate, so what better way to celebrate than to schedule a comprehensive eye exam? An eye exam does much more than evaluate the clarity of your vision; it can serve as a window into your overall health. Celebrate good health this February by getting a thorough vision screening!
http://yoursightmatters.com/african-americr-eye-diseases/
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Glaucoma in the African American and Hispanic Communities
Yvonne Ou, MD
University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Medical Center
Thursday, January 1, 2015
African Americans and Hispanics are at increased risk of developing glaucoma. Find out why and learn about important steps that can prevent vision loss from this eye disease.
http://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/article/glaucoma-african-american-and-hispanic-communities
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Blacks Seem More Vulnerable to Deadly Blood Infection
By Jenifer Goodwin
HealthDay Reporter
TUESDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) -- Black patients are more likely to develop the life-threatening blood infection sepsis and have a greater chance of dying from it than whites, new research suggests.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=117445
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High Blood Pressure in African-Americans
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects African-Americans in unique ways:
African-Americans develop high blood pressure at younger ages than other groups in the U.S.
African-Americans are more likely to develop complications associated with high blood pressure. These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease.
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-in-african-americans#1
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Blacks still dying more from cancer than whites
February 18, 2009
Three years ago, the American Cancer Society (ACS) broke some exciting news: for the first time in decades, U.S. cancer deaths fell. The trend continued the following year. But new research today shows that the milestone has been a mixed bag for one segment of the population, African-Americans. They’re also dying less of cancer—in some cases, their gains are coming at a faster pace than for whites—but the disease still kills them more often.
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/news-blog/blacks-still-dying-more-of-cancer-t-2009-02-18/
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Prostate cancer risk in African Americans
African Americans are more likely to develop — and die from — prostate cancer than others. But why?
This year, the American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 1.5 million Americans will be diagnosed with some form of cancer — and that figure doesn’t even include more than 1 million cases of certain skin cancers. The organization estimates that cancer will also claim 562,340 lives in 2009. Scientific evidence shows that about one-third of those deaths could have been prevented by making lifestyle changes. Smoking, being overweight or obese, not exercising, and eating a poor diet — all modifiable risk factors — have been linked to cancer (as well as heart disease, diabetes, and many other conditions).
http://www.harvardprostateknowledge.org/prostate-cancer-risk-in-african-americans
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Racial Differences in Reported Lyme Disease Incidence
2000
In the United States, the incidence of Lyme disease is considered to be disproportionately high among Whites because of risk of exposure. For assessment of racial differences in Lyme disease incidence and the role of risk
exposure, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for Lyme disease and its manifestations between Whites and African Americans in Maryland and in its focus of endemicity, the Upper Eastern Shore, were calculated. Calculations were based on reported cases of Lyme disease in Maryland during the years 1992–1996. The IRR for Lyme disease between Whites and African Americans was 6.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0, 8.0), decreasing to 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) for the Upper Eastern Shore. Statewide, there was a significant difference between the White to African American IRR for erythema migrans and for Lyme disease-associated arthritis, at 17.7 (95% CI: 11.2, 27.8) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7, 3.2), respectively. On the Upper Eastern Shore, the IRR for arthritis
reversed, indicating higher incidence among African Americans than among Whites: IRR = 5.7 (95% CI: 2.4,13.9) for erythema migrans and IRR = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4, 1.1) for arthritis. White patients were more likely to have erythema migrans (risk ratio = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.1) and less likely to have arthritis than were African Americans(risk ratio = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.5). Among all patients, there was a significant negative association between arthritis and erythema migrans. Although much of the racial disparity in incidence rates diminishes in a rural, endemic area, consistent with exposure risk being responsible for much of the variation, a difference remains.
This may be due to failure to recognize early disease (erythema migrans) among African Americans, resulting in increased rates of late manifestations. Geographic spread of the disease warrants efforts to increase awareness of Lyme disease and its manifestations among people of color and the health care providers who serve them.
https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/aje/152/8/10.1093/aje/152.8.756/2/756.pdf?Expires=1500258112&Signature=F1DoMlshZnNEHWu~2fUwXIR1oKQq4~R2DNIiCIc5GXfui4gPyBRd0~98cDAx74Sda~2DqPTtQAOshONXI1fZHWYUIWMj8LbDZkFeFupFdQfZ-ceP-Akto8-CrB4Uq7B-4wd1qDq0zKQrhks0vKDFJGd3Cvxe7ySA-b2L1zzRdiRDEEQJwYOpl5Wvuf9MIsQ5BSzzlQPA~woJXRfkZJ3p0Cno1o4erPBQiAOs4ngIKLYjafnTnVIhPnve2YvMt54lXG7kWfKLDioAhxZMxup9fCo5dPj5Fa8gXi-iCnvusIW62cb9ytVGhBwicoNIKETVwz9wEhkKZUYo7bOKZ~0YGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIUCZBIA4LVPAVW3Q
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Alzheimer's Affects Races Differently: Researchers
Thursday, 16 Jul 2015
Alzheimer's disease seems to develop differently in the brains of black patients than in whites.
And, black people seem more likely to suffer different types of brain changes that also contribute to dementia, a new study reports.
Alzheimer's disease dementia is generally associated with a build-up of substances known as plaques and tangles inside the brain.
But, there are other brain changes that can also contribute to dementia, the study authors noted.
For example, the brains of people with dementia sometimes contain infarcts -- tiny areas of dead tissue caused by micro-strokes, the researchers explained.
They also might contain Lewy bodies -- another form of abnormal protein build-up in the brain that's usually associated with Parkinson's disease.
Autopsies of black and white Alzheimer's patients revealed that blacks were more likely than whites to experience a mix of dementia-related changes, as opposed to the damage usually associated with "pure" Alzheimer's dementia, according to the study.
"We were surprised that the African Americans were much more likely to have a mixed picture," said lead author Lisa Barnes, a professor of neurology and behavioral science at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "The underlying brain changes were different, which indicates that they probably had different risk factors."
The study findings were published online July 15 in advance of print publication in the journal Neurology.
http://www.newsmax.com/Health/Health-News/alzheimers-dementia-races-blacks/2015/07/16/id/657369/
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How Alzheimer’s Is Different in African-Americans
Jul 15, 2015
The hallmark signs of Alzheimer’s are well-established—plaques of amyloid protein and tangles of tau protein in the brain, which work to suffocate and eventually destroy neurons that are dedicated to higher level functions such as memory and reasoning.But in a study published in the journal Neurology, researchers show that there may be important differences in the way Alzheimer’s appears in the brains of African-American and white patients. When Lisa Barnes, a neurologist at the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center and her colleagues compared the brains of 41 black patients who had died of the disease to the brains of 81 white patients, they found a much more complex picture of Alzheimer's in the brains of the African-Americans.
These patients were more likely to have not just the familiar plaques and tangles, but also other signs of neurological abnormalities, including Lewy bodies, signs of infarcts and blood vessel disease. In fact, 71% of the African-American patients showed this mixed picture compared to 50% of the white patients.
The most common—and surprising, says Barnes—connection involved the Lewy bodies. These are clumps of proteins that aggregate inside nerve cells, particularly those involved in movement. They are common in Parkinson’s patients and can contribute to tremors as well as hallucinations and sleep disruptions. Because the black population is known to have higher risk of circulatory disorders, including stroke and hypertension, Barnes expected to find more infarct-related differences when comparing the brains of African-Americans to those of whites. “We did not find that,” she says. “We found a much more mixed picture than just infarcts, and that was a little bit surprising.”
http://time.com/3959295/alzheimers-african-americans/
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UNC study: Frequency of foot disorders differs between African Americans and whites
Monday, November 8, 2010 — African Americans in the study age 45 or older were three times more likely than whites of the same age to have corns or flat feet. In people who were not obese, African Americans were twice as likely to have bunions and hammer toes than whites.
http://www.med.unc.edu/www/newsarchive/2010/november/unc-study-frequency-of-foot-disorders-differs-between-african-americans-and-whites
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Asthma in African Americans: What can we do about the higher rates of disease?
March, 2012
To remedy disparities such as greater disease severity and higher rates of hospitalization and death, we need to ensure that all patients receive proper care and the knowledge they need to control their asthma.
ABSTRACTAfrican Americans not only have a higher prevalence of asthma than whites, they also are encumbered with higher rates of asthma-associated morbidity and death. Factors such as genetics, socioeconomic status, health maintenance behaviors, air quality, and obesity likely contribute in combination to these burdens. Further work is needed to better understand these complex risk factors. To remedy these disparities, we need to ensure that patients at higher risk are given proper care and the knowledge to control their asthma.
http://www.mdedge.com/ccjm/article/95718/pulmonology/asthma-african-americans-what-can-we-do-about-higher-rates-disease
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Genetics key to African-Americans' hypertension
Stanford Report, January 26, 2005
National health records have shown that African-Americans are more prone to high blood pressure than Caucasians, but pinning down the roots of that difference has proven elusive. Now, researchers at the School of Medicine have narrowed down the search for genes that contribute to this difference in disease risk.
Finding such a gene could have several benefits for African-Americans and other ethnic groups. One is that by knowing the normal role of the gene, doctors can better understand the disease and devise new drugs or treatments to keep blood pressure under control. It could also lead to genetic tests to help identify people at higher risk of heart disease.
http://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/january26/med-hypertension-012605.html
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Metabolic Syndrome in African Americans: Implications for Preventing Coronary Heart Disease
2007
Summary:
The metabolic syndrome represents a specific
clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same individu-
al (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated
blood pressure, insulin resistance, a prothrombotic state, and
a proinflammatory state). Almost 50 million American adults
(about one in four) have the metabolic syndrome, which puts
them at increased risk for the development of diabetes melli-
tus and cardiovascular disease. African Americans, especial-
ly African-American women, have a high prevalence of the
metabolic syndrome. This is attributable mainly to the dis-
proportionate occurrence in African Americans of elevated
blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Management of the
metabolic syndrome consists primarily of modification or re-
versal of the root causes (overweight/obesity and physical in-
activity) and therapy to reduce or control the risk factors.
Although all components of the metabolic syndrome should
be addressed, optimal control of atherogenic dyslipidemia
and elevated blood pressure may reduce cardiovascular risk
by more than 80%.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.20003/pdf
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Food Allergies Among Kids Vary by Race: Study
Researchers find blacks and Hispanics more likely to be allergic to corn and shellfish, for instance.
TUESDAY, Nov. 22, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Black and Hispanic children are much more likely to have corn, shellfish and fish allergies than white children, according to a U.S. study.
The study also found that compared to whites, black children have much higher rates of asthma, eczema and allergies to wheat and soy.
https://consumer.healthday.com/respiratory-and-allergy-information-2/food-allergy-news-16/food-allergies-among-kids-vary-by-race-study-717085.html
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Why Black Children May Be More Likely to Develop Food Allergies
Sept. 05, 2011
New research suggests that race and ancestry may play an important role in food allergies.
Dr. Rajesh Kumar, a pediatrician at Northwestern University Medical School, and his team report in the journal Pediatrics that black children are more than twice as likely as white children to have sensitivities to eight foods that commonly cause allergic reactions, and that they are especially vulnerable to peanut allergies.
While other studies have linked African American ethnicity to a higher risk of asthma, Kumar’s group was interested in investigating whether race also affects children’s risk of allergy to certain foods. Using a multi-ethnic database of 1,104 children who participated in regular health checkups at 6 months, then again at 1, 2, 4 and 6 years old, the scientists measured the youngsters’ antibodies to egg white, cow’s milk, peanut, soy, shrimp, walnut, wheat and cod.
http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/05/why-black-children-might-be-more-likely-to-develop-food-allergies/
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Are People of Certain Races and Ethnicities More Susceptible to Food Allergies
Nov, 2015
https://www.premierallergyohio.com/doctors-blog/are-people-of-certain-races-and-ethnicities-more-susceptible-to-food-allergies
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Racial Differences in Allergic Sensitization: Recent Findings and Future Directions
June, 2013
Racial disparities are present in many facets of health and disease. Allergy and asthma are no exceptions. Secondary results from cross-sectional and cohort studies have provided information on the scope of racial disparities in allergic sensitization in the United States. African American/Black individuals tend to be sensitized more frequently than White individuals. Little is known about rates in other race groups. Genetics are unlikely to be the sole or major cause of the observed differences. Home dust allergen and endotoxin levels cannot explain the differences. Studies that have been designed to specifically address the sources of these racial disparities are needed. A “Multilevel Framework” that considers the roles of the individual, family and community presents an excellent approach to guide design of future studies of the causes of these disparities. Understanding the causes of the disparities could lead to interventions that would improve the health of all individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888051/
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Ethnic differences in coronary atherosclerosis
February 2002
Conclusions
As compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics had significantly lower prevalence of CAC and obstructive coronary disease. Ethnic differences in risk-factor profiles do not explain these differences. This study demonstrated that whites have a higher atherosclerotic burden than blacks and Hispanics, independent of risk-factor differences among symptomatic patients referred for angiography.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510970101748X
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Why Are African-Americans at Greater Risk for Heart Disease?
African-Americans are at higher risk for heart disease, yet they're less likely to get the care they need.
African-Americans and Heart Failure
In a startling 2009 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that African-Americans have a much higher incidence of heart failure than other races, and it develops at younger ages. Heart failure means that the heart isn't able to pump blood as well as it should.
Before age 50, African-Americans' heart failure rate is 20 times higher than that of whites, according to the study. Four risk factors are the strongest predictors of heart failure: high blood pressure (also called hypertension), chronic kidney disease, being overweight, and having low levels of HDL, the "good" cholesterol. Three-fourths of African-Americans who develop heart failure have high blood pressure by age 40.
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/why-african-americans-greater-risk-heart-disease#1
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Black Women Have Worse Breast Cancer Survival Rates Compared to Whites and Hispanics
http://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/black-women-have-worse-survival-rates
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Race, Ancestry, and Development of Food-Allergen Sensitization in Early Childhood
2011 Oct
RESULTS:
In this predominantly minority cohort (60.9% black and 22.5% Hispanic), 35.5% of subjects exhibited food sensitizations. In multivariate models, both self-reported black race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–4.44]) and African ancestry (in 10% increments; OR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02–1.14]) were associated with food sensitization. Self-reported black race (OR: 3.76 [95% CI: 1.09–12.97]) and African ancestry (OR: 1.19 [95% CI: 1.07–1.32]) were associated with a high number (=3) of food sensitizations. African ancestry was associated with increased odds of peanut sIgE levels of =5 kUA/L (OR: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.01–1.52]). Similar ancestry associations were seen for egg sIgE levels of =2 kUA/L (OR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.01–1.27]) and milk sIgE levels of =5 kUA/L (OR: 1.24 [95% CI: 0.94–1.63]), although findings were not significant for milk.
CONCLUSIONS:
Black children were more likely to be sensitized to food allergens and were sensitized to more foods. African ancestry was associated with peanut sensitization.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182844/
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1.What Is Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis involves inflammation that produces tiny lumps of cells in various organs in
your body. The lumps are called granulomas because they look like grains of sugar or sand.
They are very small and can be seen only with a microscope. These tiny granulomas can grow and
clump together, making many large and small groups of lumps. If many granulomas form in
an organ, they can affect how the organ works
Who Gets It?
Sarcoidosis affects people of all ages and races worldwide.
It occurs mostly in:
Adults between the ages of 20 and 40
African Americans (especially women)
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/wtc/downloads/pdf/wtc/SarcoidosisFS.pdf
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Coccidioidomycosis in African Americans
Jan, 2011
Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides species, a fungus endemic to the desert regions of the southwestern United States, and is of particular concern for African Americans. We performed a PubMed search of the English-language medical literature on coccidioidomycosis in African Americans and summarized the pertinent literature. Search terms were coccidioidomycosis, Coccidioides, race, ethnicity, African, black, and Negro. The proceedings of the national and international coccidioidomycosis symposia were searched. All relevant articles and their cited references were reviewed; those with epidemiological, immunologic, clinical, and therapeutic data pertaining to coccidioidomycosis in African Americans were included in the review. Numerous studies documented an increased predilection for severe coccidioidal infections, coccidioidomycosis-related hospitalizations, and extrapulmonary dissemination in persons of African descent; however, most of the published studies are variably problematic. The immunologic mechanism for this predilection is unclear. The clinical features and treatment recommendations are summarized. Medical practitioners need to be alert to the possibility of coccidioidomycosis in persons with recent travel to or residence in an area where the disease is endemic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012635/
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5 Diseases More Common in Minorities
Oct 13, 2011
Although more and more people are living longer with colorectal cancer, new research has found that black people with the disease aren't living as long as whites.
In an analysis of more than 14,000 patients with stage 2 and 3 colorectal cancer who had surgery to remove tumors, followed by treatment to prevent recurrence, the 1,218 African-American patients had a lower five-year survival rate than their white counterparts, according to researchers, led by Greg Yothers of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Biostatistical Center in Pittsburgh.
Five years after diagnosis, 72.8 percent of white patients survived cancer, but only 68.2 percent of blacks survived.
Colorectal cancer isn't the only medical condition that disproportionately affects certain races. Black people, for example, have much poorer health outcomes for a number of diseases.
"Across the board, if you look at the 15 leading causes of death in the U.S., blacks have higher death rates than whites in about 12 of them, including heart disease, cancer and stroke," said David Williams, the Norman professor of public health at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Cancer
Heart disease
HIV/AIDS
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/diseases-common-minorities/story?id=14722258
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Why 7 Deadly Diseases Strike Blacks Most
Health care disparities heighten disease differences between African-Americans and white Americans.
Several deadly diseases strike black Americans harder and more often than they do white Americans.
Fighting back means genetic research. It means changing the system for testing new drugs. It means improving health education. It means overcoming disparities in health care. It means investments targeted to the health of black Americans. And the evidence so far indicates that these investments will pay health dividends not just for racial minorities, but for everyone.
Yet we're closer to the beginning of the fight than to the end. Some numbers:
Diabetes is 60% more common in black Americans than in white Americans. Blacks are up to 2.5 times more likely to suffer a limb amputation and up to 5.6 times more likely to suffer kidney disease than other people with diabetes.
African-Americans are three times more likely to die of asthma than white Americans.
Deaths from lung scarring -- sarcoidosis -- are 16 times more common among blacks than among whites. The disease recently killed former NFL star Reggie White at age 43.
Despite lower tobacco exposure, black men are 50% more likely than white men to get lung cancer.
Strokes kill 4 times more 35- to 54-year-old black Americans than white Americans. Blacks have nearly twice the first-time stroke risk of whites.
Blacks develop high blood pressure earlier in life -- and with much higher blood pressure levels -- than whites. Nearly 42% of black men and more than 45% of black women aged 20 and older have high blood pressure.
Cancer treatment is equally successful for all races. Yet black men have a 40% higher cancer death rate than white men. African-American women have a 20% higher cancer death rate than white women.
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/features/why-7-deadly-diseases-strike-blacks-most#1
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A Genetically Engineered Live Attenuated Vaccine of Coccidioides posadasii Protects BALB/c Mice against Coccidioidomycosis
2007ABSTRACT
http://iai.asm.org/content/77/8/3196.full
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Who Gets Lupus
It has been estimated that lupus affects 1.5 million Americans, and millions more worldwide.
Although the cause of lupus is unknown, genetics and hormones are thought to play a role.
Ninety percent are young women
The majority of people with lupus—90 percent—are female, and most first develop signs and symptoms of the illness between the ages of 15 and 44.
As adults, far fewer males than females develop lupus.
The scenario is much different under age 18 and over age 50, when as many males as females have the disease.
Many men struggle with the idea that they have a “woman’s disease,” in fact the diagnosis has no connection to manliness. Find out more about lupus in men
Lupus discriminates against African American, Latina, and Native American women
African-American women are three times more likely than Caucasian women to get lupus and develop severe symptoms, with as many as 1 in every 250 affected.
And the disease is two times more prevalent in Asian-American and Latina women than it is in Caucasian women. Women of Native American descent are also disproportionately affected.
The famous Lupus in Minorities: Nature Versus Nurture (LUMINA) study—a large multi-ethnic, multi-regional, and multi-institutional examination of lupus begun in 1993—found that genetic and ethnic factors are more important than socioeconomic ones in influencing disease activity.
The study tracked death, damage, disability, and disease activity.
The results also suggest that there are probably other genetic factors affecting the presentation of the disease in the African-American and Latino communities.
The researchers have published numerous papers reporting study findings on the relative contribution of genetic and socioeconomic factors on the course and outcome of lupus in Latinos, African Americans, and Caucasians.
LUMINA findings include:
African-Americans and Latinas with lupus tend to develop the disease earlier in life, experience greater disease activity such as kidney problems, and, overall, have more complications than Caucasian patients.
Latinas had a poorer prognosis overall than Caucasian women, were more likely to have kidney involvement and damage, and showed a more rapid rate of kidney failure.
African-Americans have a higher frequency of neurological problems such as seizures, hemorrhage, and stroke.
Latinas experience a higher level of cardiac disease.
What have we learned from a 10-year experience with the LUMINA (Lupus in Minorities; Nature vs. nurture) cohort? Where are we heading? Read the PubMed abstract
http://www.lupusny.org/about-lupus/who-gets-lupus
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Ethnicity-Related Skeletal Muscle Differences Across the Lifespan
Jan, 2010
Abstract
Despite research and clinical significance, limited information is available on the relations between skeletal muscle (SM) and age in adults, specifically among Hispanics, African Americans (AA), and Asians. The aim was to investigate possible sex and ethnic SM differences in adults over an age range of 60 years. Subjects were 468 male and 1280 female adults (=18 years). SM was estimated based on DXA-measured appendicular lean-soft tissue using a previously reported prediction equation. Locally weighted regression smoothing lines were fit to examine SM trends and to localize age cutoffs; piecewise multiple linear regression models were then applied, controlling for weight and height, to identify age cutoffs for sex-specific changes in SM among the ethnic groups. The age of 27 years was identified for women and men as the cut-off after which SM starts to show a negative association with age. Both sexes had a similar ethnic pattern for expected mean SM at the age cutoff, with AA presenting the highest SM values, followed by Whites, Hispanics, and Asians. After the age cutoffs, the lowering of SM differed by ethnicity and sex: AA women showed the greatest SM lowering whereas Hispanic women had the least. Hispanic men tended to show a higher negative association of SM with age followed by AA and Whites. To conclude, significant sex and ethnic differences exist in the magnitude of negative associations of SM with age >27 years. Further studies using a longitudinal design are needed to explore the associations of ethnicity-related decline of SM with health risks.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795070/
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Not Politically Correct
Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, and Evolution
https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2016/10/19/blacks-are-not-stronger-than-whites/
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Race and health
Race and health refers to the relationship between individual health and one's race and ethnicity. Differences in health status, health outcomes, life expectancy, and many other indicators of health in different racial and ethnic groups is well documented, referred to as health disparities. Race is a complex concept, and the two major competing theories of race use biological definitions and social construction to define racial difference. Although this relationship can vary depending on the definitions used, race is generally used in the context of health research as a fluid concept to group populations of people according to various factors that include but are not limited to ancestry, social identity, visible phenotype, and genetic makeup.[1] Determinants of health include environmental, social, and genetic factors, as well as the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_health
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Inequality in disease
While rates of incidence for many diseases vary based on biological factors and inheritable characteristics, a larger disparity, which cannot be explained by biological factors, exists in disease rates among varying racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States (for example, lower-income African-Americans and upper-class Caucasians). This suggests that social and economic factors play a role in determining who acquires certain diseases in the United States. For example, heart disease is the most dangerous disease in America, followed closely by cancer, with the fifth most deadly being diabetes. The general risk factors associated with these three diseases include obesity and poor diet, tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity, and access to medical care and health information. While some of these risk factors are individual health choices, all of them are also correlated with socioeconomic factors, such as gender, race, income, environment, and education, and consequently, a person’s likelihood for developing heart disease, cancer, or diabetes is in part correlated with these social factors. Men are more likely than women to die from heart disease. Likewise, African-Americans and other racial minorities have higher mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, and diabetes than their white counterparts. Among all racial groups, individuals who are impoverished or low income, have lower levels of educational attainment, and live in lower-income neighborhoods are all more likely to develop heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_in_disease
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Environmental racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_racism
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Beauty Products Marketed to Black Women May Contain More Hazardous Chemicals: Report
Dec 06, 2016
Beauty and hair products marketed to black women are more likely to contain potentially harmful chemicals and ingredients, according to a new report from a nonprofit environmental research group.
http://time.com/4591079/beauty-products-marketed-to-black-women-may-contain-more-hazardous-chemicals-report/
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Prenatal Exposure To Flame Retardants Linked With Lower IQ In Children
A risk found to be greater than lead exposure
August 9, 2017https://www.infowars.com/prenatal-exposure-to-flame-retardants-linked-with-lower-iq-in-children/
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For more information on toxins in food and cosmetics, view our book titled "The DuPont Investigation" - DuPontInvestigation.Blogspot.com
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Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race
June 22, 2015
As a young U.S. Army soldier during World War II, Rollins Edwards knew better than to refuse an assignment.
When officers led him and a dozen others into a wooden gas chamber and locked the door, he didn't complain. None of them did. Then, a mixture of mustard gas and a similar agent called lewisite was piped inside.
"It felt like you were on fire," recalls Edwards, now 93 years old. "Guys started screaming and hollering and trying to break out. And then some of the guys fainted. And finally they opened the door and let us out, and the guys were just, they were in bad shape."
Edwards was one of 60,000 enlisted men enrolled in a once-secret government program — formally declassified in 1993 — to test mustard gas and other chemical agents on American troops. But there was a specific reason he was chosen: Edwards is African-American.
"They said we were being tested to see what effect these gases would have on black skins," Edwards says.
http://www.npr.org/2015/06/22/415194765/u-s-troops-tested-by-race-in-secret-world-war-ii-chemical-experiments
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Watch: Racists Caught Putting Poison In Vaccines
Americans must come together to fight against all oppression
August 14, 2017
https://www.infowars.com/watch-racists-caught-putting-poison-in-vaccines/
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Black Babies being ‘Disproportionately Affected’ by MMR Vaccine Autism
11/07/2015
http://vaxxter.com/black-babies-being-disproportionately-affected-by-mmr-vaccine-autism/
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The Depo Provera shot exposed! Present day eugenics
The Depo Provera has proven side effects that the FDA overlook and target non whites with this producthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDqHtPtTmjI
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New Documentary Alleges CDC Withheld Proof of Link Between Vaccines and Autism in Black Boys
Jan 26, 2016
A controversial scientist says the data
was omitted from an official CDC report a decade ago. The agency says
the link doesn't exist.
There has long been a debate about the link between vaccinations and
autism, beginning with a now widely discredited study from British
medical researcher Andrew Wakefield. Now, a new documentary from TruthInMedia.com alleges that not only is there a link, but that the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) covered it up.
In 2014, CDC doctor William Thompson sent
Congress paperwork that he said was proof that the agency withheld data
that suggested that Black boys who received the measles, mumps and
rubella (MMR) vaccine before the age of 36 months were at increased risk of developing autism. The CDC maintains that there was not enough data to draw race-based conclusions, and Snopes.com has an extensive post meant to debunk Thompson’s claims.
https://www.colorlines.com/articles/new-documentary-alleges-cdc-withheld-proof-link-between-vaccines-and-autism-black-boys
-----
Is Swine Flu A Race-Specific Virus?
April 29, 2009
First death in U.S. is Mexican toddler, prompting questions about why only hispanics have died despite outbreak spreading to at least ten countries.
The first swine flu death in the United States has been confirmed, but the victim is a Mexican toddler who caught the illness in Mexico before traveling to Texas. Serious questions must now be asked about why a virus that has spread across at least 10 countries and is suspected in many others has only killed hispanics, and whether a race-specific bio-weapon is being beta-tested.
https://www.prisonplanet.com/is-swine-flu-a-race-specific-virus.html
-----
Can genes be patented?
A gene patent is the exclusive rights to a specific sequence of DNA (a gene) given by a government to the individual, organization, or corporation who claims to have first identified the gene. Once granted a gene patent, the holder of the patent dictates how the gene can be used, in both commercial settings, such as clinical genetic testing, and in noncommercial settings, including research, for 20 years from the date of the patent. Gene patents have often resulted in companies having sole ownership of genetic testing for patented genes.
On June 13, 2013, in the case of the Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that human genes cannot be patented in the U.S. because DNA is a "product of nature." The Court decided that because nothing new is created when discovering a gene, there is no intellectual property to protect, so patents cannot be granted. Prior to this ruling, more than 4,300 human genes were patented. The Supreme Court's decision invalidated those gene patents, making the genes accessible for research and for commercial genetic testing.
The Supreme Court's ruling did allow that DNA manipulated in a lab is eligible to be patented because DNA sequences altered by humans are not found in nature. The Court specifically mentioned the ability to patent a type of DNA known as complementary DNA (cDNA). This synthetic DNA is produced from the molecule that serves as the instructions for making proteins (called messenger RNA).
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/testing/genepatents
----------------
How did patenting cause conflicts within the Human Genome Project?
Some scientists involved in the Human Genome Project upset the collaborative nature by trying to patent sections of the DNA sequence for their own financial gain.
Despite the collaborative atmosphere established during the years of the Human Genome Project?, it was not without its conflicts and disagreements.
Some scientists displayed differing ideas that threatened the progress of the project. Many were keen to achieve the scientific recognition of making an important discovery whilst also wanting to accommodate the needs of their corporate partners and make money!
“Through patenting, companies could gain ownership over specific sequences of DNA or genes.
Patenting was one way individuals were able to make commercial profit from the Human Genome Project. Through patenting?, companies could gain ownership over specific sequences of DNA? or genes?. This meant the company would have full rights over that sequence, allowing them to decide who can profit from carrying out research on it (and how much they charge them to access it) and how much to charge individuals wanting to be tested for those genes.
http://www.yourgenome.org/stories/how-did-patenting-cause-conflicts-within-the-human-genome-project
----------------
Chinese Scientists Genetically Modify Human Embryos—Again
4/8/16
Just one year after scientists in China made history by modifying the DNA of human embryos, a second team of Chinese researchers has done it again. Using CRISPR/Cas9, the researchers introduced HIV-resistance into the embryos, showcasing the tremendous potential for gene-editing.
In that earlier work, the Chinese scientists modified a gene responsible for a fatal blood disorder, but the embryos were quickly destroyed after the experiment. It was a watershed moment in biotechnology, showcasing the tremendous potential of CRISPR—a powerful gene editing tool—to alter our offspring at the genetic level. Should this technology ever reach the clinical stage, it could be used to eliminate all sorts of genetic diseases, but it could also be used to introduce entirely new capacities.
http://gizmodo.com/chinese-scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-aga-1769884160
-----
Massive DNA Collection Campaign in Xinjiang, China
https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=17/05/26/0254237&from=rss
-------
GOP Bill Would Allow Genetic Testing Demands By Employers
It Might Soon Be Legal for Employers to Force You Into a Genetic Test
Mar 10, 2017
http://fortune.com/2017/03/10/genetic-testing-workplace-wellness-bill/
--------
Employees who decline genetic testing could face penalties under proposed bill
March 11, 2017
http://www.journalnow.com/news/local/employees-who-decline-genetic-testing-could-face-penalties-under-proposed/article_ec4136ca-650a-5ecd-9963-f5fb91acf1d4.html
--------------
Completely unconstitutional bill proposes forced genetic screening for employees
https://voat.co/v/pizzagate/comments/1710447
---------------------
Bill S-201: Liberal Backbenchers Defy Trudeau To Approve Genetic Testing Bill
OTTAWA — Liberal backbenchers have defied Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, voting in favour of a bill that would bar health and life insurance companies from forcing clients to disclose the results of genetic testing.
Just hours before the vote late Wednesday in the House of Commons, Trudeau said the proposed law is unconstitutional because it intrudes on provincial jurisdiction. He recommended that MPs vote against it.
But most Liberal backbenchers, along with Conservative and New Democrat MPs, ignored Trudeau's warning. The bill passed by a vote of 222-60.
It was a free vote, meaning Liberal backbenchers were not required to toe the party line. They did, however, come under pressure from the government, including Trudeau.
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/03/08/trudeau-bill-s-201-unconstitutional-_n_15246810.html
-----------------
{Many say that genetic testing is being done for several reasons, such as the government wanting to have your DNA, and for Obamacare, many health insurance companies to have your information as well. This is also being done, because the government would like to also be able to do more scientific research, with many of these chemicals, including pollution being introduced in our society, and that can even change your DNA over a period of time. If your DNA can change or mutate, then you would think that the government would want to have an update on your DNA. Many claim that evolution in animals is caused by a DNA mutation, this can be a good thing. DNA mutations can also be bad, and can lead to health problems, including cancer. Radiation can even cause a mutation in the DNA of different organisms. Many say that one of the goals of many of these agencies such as MI5 and other security agencies, is to master the genetic coding, sequence and structure of DNA, through various techniques, including with genetic modification. To many, DNA is considered one of the great mysteries in our universe and even a miracle of life. Many even talk how the government wants everyone's DNA, in order to have a database to track people. You can even put DNA in a database, for drones to find people with just pointing a lazer at you, to identify you, and even harm or detain an individual. Some question if this is being done to verify certain races of people as well}.
-------
Russia 'collects DNA samples' of Muslim women
2013
Saliva samples of conservative women taken in wake of spate of suicide attacks in run-up to Sochi Winter Olympics.
Russia is allegedly taking saliva samples from religiously conservative Muslim women to help its security forces identify remnants of suicide bombers in case of an attack sabotaging the Sochi Winter Olympics, Reuters news agency has reported, quoting locals in the North Caucasus.
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/10/russia-collects-dna-samples-muslim-women-2013103181444480202.html
--------------------
[For more information about the crisis of radical Islam in the Middle East and around the globe, view our book titled Islamic Sharia Law & Genocide - "The Middle East Conflict Investigation." - IslamicShariaGenocide.Blogspot.com ]
-----------------------
Your DNA Changes
https://www.genisyss.com/dna-changes/
Many people are not aware that their DNA changes over time. Because DNA can be used for identification purposes, people assume that it remains the same over the course of their life. Although the pattern of the nucleotides (AGCT) doesn’t change, a process called DNA methylation describes the important changes that can occur and have been associated with the appearance of various medical conditions. An entire field of science, epigenetics, studies DNA and how it chemically changes. Every day, we encounter numerous factors that change our DNA including the sun’s radiation, pollution, chemicals in our foods and surroundings, and even stress. These DNA changes contribute to the expression of genetic and lifestyle-linked diseases including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, autism and a long list of others. Many of these diseases are incurable, but with the rapid progress that genetic research is making, this is changing. Already, DNA is being used therapeutically, and its usage is becoming an integral part of precision medicine. Stem cell research has identified ways to deliver therapeutic DNA to specific sites in your body. DNA is central to disease prevention and treatment.
---------------------
Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification
2008
Table 1
Complex disease/trait
|
Gene/locus
|
Population/isolate
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|---|
Affective disorders
|
Several loci
|
Northern Sweden
|
[34]
|
Asthma
|
IRAK-M (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M)
|
Sardinia
|
[74]
|
Asthma
|
CHI3L1 (chitinase 3-like 1)
|
Hutterites
|
[25]
|
Asthma
|
NPSR1 (neuropeptide S receptor 1)
|
Finland
|
[24]
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
4q25
|
Iceland
|
[11]
|
Bipolar disorder
|
5q31-34
|
Antioquia (Colombia), Central Valley of Costa Rica
|
[29]
|
Bone mineral density
|
Several loci
|
Iceland
|
[75]
|
Breast cancer
|
5p12, 2q35, 16q12
|
Iceland
| |
Myocardial infarction
|
9p21
|
Iceland
| |
Coronary heart disease
|
8p22
|
French Canadians
|
[79]
|
Crohn's disease
|
Several loci
|
French Canadians
|
[80]
|
Fasting glucose levels
|
G6PC2 (glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic, 2)/ABCB11 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11) region
|
Finland, Sardinia
|
[81]
|
Exfoliation glaucoma
|
LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1)
|
Iceland
|
[82]
|
Height
|
Several loci
|
Iceland
|
[13]
|
Height
|
GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5)/UQCC (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone) locus
|
Finland, Sardinia, Amish
|
[83]
|
Nicotine dependence and smoking-related diseases
|
15q24
|
Iceland
|
[84]
|
Obesity
|
FTO (fat mass and obesity associated), PFKP (phosphofructokinase, platelet)
|
Sardinia
|
[28]
|
Parkinson's disease
|
GBA (β-glucocerebrosidase)
|
Ashkenazi Jews
|
[37]
|
Pigmentation
|
Several genes
|
Iceland
| |
Prostate cancer
|
Xp11.22, 2p15, 17q
|
Iceland
| |
Psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders
|
TSNAX (translin-associated factor X)/DISC1(disrupted in schizophrenia 1) locus
|
Finland
|
[86]
|
Psychosis
|
TGIF (TGFB-induced factor)
|
Central Valley of Costa Rica
|
[87]
|
Schizophrenia
|
DRD2 (dopamine D2 receptor)
|
Basques
|
[30]
|
Type 2 diabetes
|
CDKAL1 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1)
|
Iceland
|
[10]
|
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2008-9-8-109
---------------------- -
Finnish heritage disease
Finnish heritage diseases include:
APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy—candidiasis—ectodermal dystrophy)
Aspartylglucosaminuria, a lysosomal storage disease
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia[6]
Congenital nephrotic syndrome,[7] a kidney disease of newborn babies
Congenital chloride diarrhea
Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy
GRACILE syndrome
Lethal arthrogryposis with anterior horn cell disease
Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 1
Meretoja syndrome
Meckel syndrome
Myotonia congenita
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia
Salla disease,[8] a lysosomal storage disease
PEHO syndrome
Rapadilino syndrome
Retinoschisis
Usher syndrome
Three rare causes of dwarfism are included in the Finnish heritage: cartilage–hair hypoplasia, diastrophic dysplasia and Mulibrey nanism.
Four genetically distinct subtypes of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis are found in the Finnish heritage: CLN1, CLN3, CLN5, and CLN8. Names for conditions associated with these subtypes include infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Jansky–Bielschowsky disease and northern epilepsy syndrome. As of 2001, CLN5 and CLN8 had been reported almost exclusively in Finland.
Meckel syndrome type 1 (MKS1[10]), a lethal condition, is known in 48 Finnish families.
Other genetic diseases
The European Organization for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS) estimates that there are between 5,000 and 7,000 distinct rare diseases, affecting between 6% and 8% of the population of the European Union. The majority of genetic diseases reported in Finland are not part of the Finnish disease heritage and their prevalence is not higher in Finland than worldwide.
Some genetic diseases are disproportionately rare in Finns. These include cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria. In Finland, about 1 in 80 persons are carriers of a cystic fibrosis mutation, compared with an average of 1 in 25 elsewhere in Europe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_heritage_disease
----------------------------------
Finland's Fascinating Genes
April. 2005
The people in this land of lakes and forests are so alike that scientists can filter out the genes that contribute to heart disease, diabetes, and asthma
http://discovermagazine.com/2005/apr/29-finlands-fascinating-genes
------------------------------
Unique disease heritage of the Dutch-German Mennonite population.
April 15, 2008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18348259
--------------------------------
Molecular diagnosis of some common genetic diseases in Russia and
the former USSR: present and future.
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1016272/pdf/jmedgene00004-0055.pdf
---------------------------------
Prevalences of hereditary diseases in different populations of Russia
Sep 2007
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1022795407090104
------------------------------
The Vikings and Baron Dupuytren's disease
Oct, 2001
Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is an ancient affliction of unknown origin. It is defined by Dorland as shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia producing a flexion deformity of a finger. Tradition has it that the disease originated with the Vikings, who spread it throughout Northern Europe and beyond as they traveled and intermarried. After being present for hundreds of years, DD was named in the 19th century after a famous French surgeon, who was not the first to describe it. This article reviews the history of DD and describes its incidence, clinical manifestations, and treatment.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305903/
---------------------------
Vikings could be to blame for why Scots have highest levels of multiple sclerosis in the world, say scientists
December 10, 2012
Study found one in every 170 women in the Orkney Islands suffers from multiple sclerosis
It is the highest rate in the world and has been linked with their Norse ancestry
Scientists say Vitamin D deficiency could also be to blame
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2245978/Vikings-blame-Scots-highest-levels-multiple-sclerosis.html
-----------------------------
Human genetics: lessons from Quebec populations.
2001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701644
---------
Hereditary disorders in the French Canadian population of Quebec. I. In search of founders.
1994
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8194844
--------
Europe's most common genetic disease is a liver disorder
Feb 6, 2012
https://www.embl.de/aboutus/communication_outreach/media_relations/2008/080205_heidelberg/
----------------------------------
Ethnicity and adverse drug reactions
Personalised drug treatment is getting closer but will not replace good clinical judgment
May 2006
Whether ethnicity is an important contributor to the variable outcome of drug treatment is still a matter of debate. Research evidence on such associations is limited in quantity and variable in quality. Too often patients' ethnicity is classified by using poorly defined criteria or an inadequate scientific basis. Indeed, both skin colour and self identification of ethnic origin seem to be poorly correlated with molecular genetics, and most genetic variability is found within, rather than among, continental populations. In addition, ethnic differences in drug response might originate from cultural or environmental factors.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1463978/
----------------------------------------------
Lupus in AfroCaribbeans and Other Ethnic Groups
1997
http://www.lupus-support.org.uk/Ethnic.htm
------------------------------------------------
The HPV Vaccine and the Case for Race-Based Medicine
Nov 1, 2013
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, approved in 2006, protects against strains of the virus responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. But what about the remaining 30%?
It turns out that those strains circulate more frequently among African-American and non-white Hispanic women, meaning that even if they are properly immunized, these populations aren’t protected against the sexually transmitted virus and the cancer it can cause...
http://healthland.time.com/2013/11/01/the-hpv-vaccine-and-the-case-for-race-based-medicine/
--------
Study: Whites with muscular dystrophy live up to 12 years longer than blacks
Sep 13, 2010
Whites with muscular dystrophy live up to 12 years longer than their African American counterparts, according to a study published Monday in Neurology.
Although medical advancements over a period of 20 years increased the life span of patients with the debilitating muscle disease, those improvements haven’t been equal among different groups.White women with muscular dystrophy had a median death age of 63, versus 51 for African American women. For men, their median age at death was 33, versus 23 for African American males.
http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/13/study-whites-with-muscular-dystrophy-live-up-to-12-years-longer-than-blacks/
------
Health Disparities in Hormone Disorders
Oct 2013
What are health disparities?
Health disparities refer to unequal health status or health care between groups of people due to differences in their background, physical traits, or their environment. Group differences include race/ethnicity, country of origin, sex, income, and disability. These and other differences can affect how often people in a group get a disease, how sick they are, and their chance of dying from the disease. Some people may not be able to get good health care or have the opportunity to make healthy lifestyle choices.
Unfortunately, health disparities affect large and diverse groups of people. They exist for many types of illnesses, including endocrine (hormone) disorders and diseases.
Type 2 diabetes
Compared with white adults, minority adults are more likely to
Develop type 2 diabetes
Have diabetic complications such as diabetes eye disease and kidney disease
Die from diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Women who have new diabetes during pregnancy are more apt to develop type 2 diabetes later. Gestational diabetes is more common in Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans than in whites or blacks. Yet, for some reason, black women who do get this type of diabetes are even more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women of other races. This holds true even when the groups have the same body mass index, or BMI (a measure of body size).
Osteoporosis
Fracture frequency: Fractures (broken bones) due to the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis are more common in white women than minorities. Yet black women are more likely to die than white women after breaking a hip. This may be because blacks are older and more often have other severe health problems at the time of fracture.
Gaps in diagnosis and treatment: Compared with whites, black women who had a fracture are less likely to receive a diagnosis of osteoporosis. And if they are at risk for fracture, black women receive preventive osteoporosis medicine less often than whites do.
Low vitamin D
A shortage of vitamin D in the body worsens bone health and may raise the risk for some other diseases. Low vitamin D is a common problem among all races and ethnic groups, but blacks have lower vitamin D levels than others. There likely are many reasons for blacks’ higher risk for vitamin D shortage. One reason is their dark skin lessens their ability to make vitamin D from the sun. Compared with whites, blacks also tend to have less intake of vitamin D from supplements and their diet.
http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/scientific-statements/health-disparities
--------------------------
Study Links Disparities in Pain Management to Racial Bias
April 04, 2016
https://news.virginia.edu/content/study-links-disparities-pain-management-racial-bias
------------------------------
The Impact of Race or Ethnicity in Crohn's Disease
Edward V. Loftus, Jr., M.D.
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Caucasians, especially northern European
ancestry
–
Scandinavia
–
Northern Europe
–
British Isles
–
United States and Canada
•
Increased risk in Jews
Uncommon in African Americans and other
racial minorities in U.S.
http://www.gihealthfoundation.org/GI_news_and_library/library/ppts/IBD/impactofraceethnicity.pdf
--------------------------------------------------
How Does Race Affect COPD?
Oct 8, 2015
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is one of the many chronic lung diseases that can leave sufferers struggling to breathe. It is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and while it is estimated that 12.7 million people have COPD, it is also assumed that there is a vast number of individuals with COPD who are not diagnosed. Many of the individuals who are undiagnosed may not fit into the majority racial profile. Currently, there are more Caucasian individuals diagnosed with COPD than those of African decent—despite newer research showing that the gap may not actually be significant. By having a larger volume of white individuals diagnosed with COPD, scientists previously accepted the notion that white individuals are more susceptible to COPD than black individuals. Surprisingly, new research refutes this finding as African American individuals are more likely to receive a COPD diagnosis at a younger age and with less of a cumulative-smoking background, or less years with first-hand smoke. Theoretically, this supports the idea that African Americans are more susceptible to COPD. With findings pointing in different directions, scientists are baffled by the potential connection between COPD and race.
https://lunginstitute.com/blog/how-does-race-affect-copd/
-------------------------------
Genetics and Genomic Medicine in Colombia
Mar 5, 2015
Genetic Disorders in Colombia
We have evidence from the pre-Columbian era on the recognition of certain disorders from the Tumaco-La Tolita culture, a group of Amerindians settled in what is now the Colombian and Ecuador coast circa the year 600 bc. A collection of clay figurines have preserved in incredible detail the representation of what are thought to be prevalent genetic syndromes in the population at that time, such as: Morquio, Down syndrome, and Treacher-Collins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367080/
---------------------------------
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Chile: opportunities for improvement
14 July 2015
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.166/full
----------------------------------
Ethical issues in genetics and public health in Latin America with a focus on Argentina
July, 2015
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC4524838/
----------------------------------
Rare disease landscape in Brazil: report of a successful experience in inborn errors of metabolism
2016
The LSD Brazil network
A particular group of genetic metabolic conditions—the lysosomal storage diseases, LSDs—has received a disproportionate attention among the IEM, compared to their relative size (there are around 60 LSDs among the 600 IEM), as specific treatments—as enzyme replacement therapies, substrate reduction therapy and molecular chaperones—became available for many of these conditions. As the investigation for LSDs usually follows a relatively different strategy compared to the investigation for the other IEM, we decided to create a separate network:
The NPC Brazil network
As Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease requires for its diagnosis an invasive technical tool, the Filipin staining test performed in fibroblasts, we set up an independent network to deal with the protocol to diagnose this challenging disease.
https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-016-0458-3
----------------------------------
Movement disorders in Latin America
June 29, 2005
Contents
1.
Introduction
....................................................................................126
2.
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism
.........................................................127
3.
Dystonia
.......................................................................................127
4.
Tics
..........................................................................................128
5.
Tremor
........................................................................................128
5.1.
Chin tremor .
..............................................................................128
6.
Infectious-parasitic and autoimmune
..................................................................128
6.1.
HIV infection and AIDS
......................................................................129
6.2.
Meningitis . .
..............................................................................129
6.3.
Neurocysticercosis
..........................................................................129
6.4.
Malaria
..................................................................................130
6.5.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
......................................................................130
6.6.
Sydenham’s chorea (SC)
......................................................................130
6.7.
Prion disease
..............................................................................131
6.8.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
........................................................131
7.
Environmental and lifestyle
.........................................................................132
7.1.
Central and peripheral trauma
..................................................................132
7.2.
Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD)
........................................................132
7.3.
Exposure to toxins—occupational neurology
.......................................................132
7.4.
The parkinsonism complex of Guadeloupe
.........................................................133
8.
Cerebrovascular disorders
..........................................................................133
9.
Inherited movement disorders .
......................................................................133
9.1.
Huntington’s disease . . .
......................................................................133
9.2.
Spinocerebellar ataxias .
......................................................................134
9.2.1.
SCA3—Machado–Joseph disease
.........................................................134
9.2.2.
SCA 2
.............................................................................134
9.2.3.
SCA 10
............................................................................135
9.2.4.
Other SCAs . . .
......................................................................135
http://www.neurologia.ufsc.br/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/mdla.pdf
----------------------------------
Medical genetics and genomic medicine in Chile: opportunities for improvement
July 14, 2015
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mgg3.166/full
----------------------------------
Latin-Americans with different Native-American ancestry show different health risks
May 26, 2017
A genetic study of Chileans finds Mapuche and Aymara ancestry linked to different diseases
Latin Americans originate from a mix of people with Native American, European and African ancestry. A new study finds that different types of original Native American ancestry can be associated to different causes of death. Justo Lorenzo Bermejo and Felix Boekstegers from Heidelberg University in Germany, and their Chilean colleagues report these findings in a new study published May 26th, 2017 in PLOS Genetics.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/p-law051817.php
-----------------------------------
Respiratory diseases in the world
https://www.ersnet.org/pdf/publications/firs-world-report.pdf
-----------------------------------
Next generation sequencing: Coping with rare genetic diseases in China
2016 August
Each year in China, we estimate that there are around 26,000 new DS patients added to the population. This estimate is based on an annual birth rate of 18 million newborn and a disease incidence of DS of 1 in 700 births. Factoring in the life expectancy of DS patients which today is generally over 50 years of age and, adjusting for population growth rate over the last 50 years, we estimate that DS patients alone currently account for around 1.4 million people. After DS, sex chromosomal diseases, such as Turner (45,X), Klinefelter (47,XXY), Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) and Jacob (47,XYY) syndromes have a combined incidence of 1 in 1,000 births (4). With a near normal life expectancy, the number of Chinese individuals with sex chromosome disease syndromes is estimated to exceed 2 million. In a review of chromosome disease incidence in the United Stated (US), it has been estimated that the combined number of patient's with other types of chromosome disease syndromes far exceeds that of DS and sex chromosome disease patients (5). On this basis, we estimate that the number of Chinese patients with rare genetic disease caused by chromosomal abnormalities alone is well over 10 million.
Although monogenic diseases are less prevalent than chromosome diseases, based on population size, they still represent a significant proportion of the overall genetic disease burden in China. On top of the list are blood disorders such as alpha- and beta- Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) and Hemophilia, the muscle disorders Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), the metabolic disease Phenylketonuria (PKU), the sensory disorder Hereditary Hearing Loss (HHL) and mental disabilities such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In southern China, the incidence rates of alpha-and beta- thalassemia are among the highest in the world, with a combined carrier rate of 11% and 23% in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces respectively (6,7), making thalassemia the number one rare genetic disease in these regions. However, since the average life expectancy is less than 10 years, we estimate that the number of living thalassemia patients in these provinces would not exceed more than 25,000. For the other monogenic diseases mentioned, disease incidence is much lower, ranging from as high as 1 in 3,000 to as low as 1 in 10,000 individuals. Despite the low incidence rate of each individual single gene disease, their combined total still represents a large body of patients in China because of the sheer magnitude of the population size. We estimate that the number of existing patients afflicted with monogenic diseases exceeds well over a million in China.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC4995420/
---------------------------------
Prevalence of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea.
1999
A nationwide investigation of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea was conducted by analyzing Medical Insurance data for infants aged under 1 year. Medical Insurance data were obtained for 1993 and 1994 and the ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) code was used to classify the diseases. The coverage rate of medical insurance was approximately 95% of the total population. Anomalies of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems, in descending order of frequency, were more frequent than anomalies in other systems. The average prevalence of cardiovascular anomalies for 1993 and 1994 was 15 per 1000 infants, and ventricular septal defect, with an average prevalence of about 3.50 per 1000 for 1993 and 1994, was the most frequent cardiovascular anomaly in infants. Polydactyly was the most frequent musculoskeletal anomaly, with an average prevalence, for 1993 and 1994, of about 1.20 per 1000 infants. Anencephaly had the highest frequency of nervous system anomalies. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was the most common of the gastrointestinal anomalies. The prevalence of the congenital malformations and genetic diseases examined was similar to that reported in other countries. Total medical expenses for the care of patients with each disease entity were also estimated. The highest medical expenses were incurred for ventricular septal defect, congenital coagulation factor VIII disorders, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and spinal anomalies, in descending order of magnitude. This investigation could be helpful in planning social welfare systems, as well as for elucidating the current status of congenital malformations and genetic diseases in Korea, and in other Asian countries.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9929974
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The Genome of a Mongolian Individual Reveals the Genetic Imprints of Mongolians on Modern Human Populations
Dec 8, 2014
https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/6/12/3122/546344/The-Genome-of-a-Mongolian-Individual-Reveals-the
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Genetic disease patterns in Japan: a review.
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1427743
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Eugenics in Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics_in_Japan#Abolition_of_eugenics_laws
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Eugenics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics
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Dysgenics
Dysgenics (rarely cacogenics)
is the study of factors producing the accumulation and perpetuation of
defective or disadvantageous genes and traits in offspring of a
particular population or species.
The adjective "dysgenic" is the antonym of "eugenic". It was first used c. 1915 by David Starr Jordan, describing the supposed dysgenic effects of World War I.[4] Jordan believed that healthy men were as likely to die in modern warfare as anyone else, and that war killed only the physically healthy men of the populace whilst preserving the disabled at home.
Dysgenic mutations have been studied in animals such as the mouse and the fruit fly.
In the context of human genetics, a dysgenic effect is the projected or observed tendency of a reduction in selection pressures and decreased infant mortality since the Industrial Revolution resulting in the increased propagation of deleterious traits and genetic disorders. Richard Lynn in his Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations (1996) identified three main concerns: deterioration in health, in intelligence, and in conscientiousness.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgenics
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Native Hawaiian and Pacific islander Health Disparities
http://www.apiahf.org/sites/default/files/NHPI_Report08a_2010.pdf
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New insights into ancestry and health of Polynesians and
New Zealand Mäori
http://scientists.org.nz/files/posts/justinhodgkiss/NZSR73_1_Chambers.pdf
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Ancient Denisovan DNA excavated in modern Pacific Islanders
Substantial genomic remnants of the extinct Denisovans recovered in Oceania populations
March 17, 2016
Source:: University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine
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Aboriginal Australians, Pacific Islanders carry DNA of unknown human species, research analysis suggests
October 2016
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-26/dna-of-extinct-human-species-pacific-islanders-analysis-suggests/7968950
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Close inbreeding and low genetic diversity in Inner Asian human populations despite geographical
20 June 2018
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27047-3
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A world map of Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry in modern human
March 28, 2016
https://phys.org/news/2016-03-world-neanderthal-denisovan-ancestry-modern.html
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This Population Map Will Tell You If You Have Ancient Denisovan Or Neanderthal DNA In Your Genome
http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/interbreeding-denisovans-may-have-contributed-human-male-infertility/
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Differences in disease frequency between Europeans and Polynesians: directions for future research into genetic risk factors.
March, 2001
The purpose of this review is to identify complex genetic diseases that might be common in Polynesian ethnic groups because of a high frequency of susceptibility genes. Since a number of Polynesian ethnic groups are descended from recent founder populations, they may be especially suitable for studies designed to identify these genes. We have reviewed the epidemiological literature looking for diseases that i) have a higher frequency in at least two Polynesian groups than in Europeans living in the same geographic areas, ii) are not at high frequency in Polynesia entirely because of high levels of known environmental risk factors, and iii) are known to be inherited in other ethnic groups. Twenty-one diseases fulfilling these three criteria were identified. It may be possible to design studies to identify the genes that cause these diseases in Polynesian ethnic groups.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12017815
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How a Powerful Obesity Gene Helped Samoans Conquer the South Pacific
By studying the genomes of more than 5,000 Samoans, researchers have uncovered a single gene that boosts a person’s obesity risk by upwards of 40 percent. Remarkably, this gene—which appears in a quarter of all Samoans—may have arisen in the population as they colonized the South Pacific.
As described in the latest edition of Nature Genetics, this “thrifty” genetic variant, called CREBRF, is associated with a 1.5 percent increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). So, for a person of average height weighing around 180 pounds, this gene corresponds to an extra 10 pounds. As noted by the researchers in their study, CREBRF promotes more efficient storage of fat and features “an effect size much larger than that of any other known common BMI risk variant.”
Working with colleagues from several universities, Stephen McGarvey from Brown University made the discovery while scanning the genomes of thousands of Samoans. This populations has some of the highest obesity rates in the world, a fact that prompted the scientists to conduct a genetic investigation. Around a quarter of all Samoans involved in the study had the genetic variant, which was associated with 30 to 40 percent increased odds of being obese compared to those who don’t have the gene. At the same time, this gene is virtually non-existent in European and African populations and occurs at very low frequencies among East Asians.
“Although we have found a genetic variant with a reasonable biological mechanism, this genetic variant is just one part of the many reasons for the high levels of BMI and obesity among Samoans,” noted McGarvey in a press statement.
http://gizmodo.com/how-a-powerful-obesity-gene-helped-samoans-conquer-the-1784266550
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Asian genetic killer found in Polynesian men
June 16, 2003
A mysterious genetic disease that kills Asian men in their sleep also affects Polynesians, researchers have discovered.
Known as sudden unexplained death syndrome, or SUDS, it is an inherited disorder that strikes South East Asian men aged 40 to 60 while they sleep. The discovery of SUDS in a new population was announced at the American Heart Association's second Asia Pacific Scientific Forum last week.
Called Lai Thai in Thailand, it rarely affects women. As a result, in some rural Thai villages, men at risk sleep in womens' nightclothes to ward off the 'ghoul' they believe is responsible for killing men during sleep.
But scientists know SUDS is caused by a condition called ventricular fibrillation, when the heart's electrical activity is out of synch, preventing the heart from pumping enough blood to the body.
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/06/16/877742.htm
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Pacific islanders pay heavy price for abandoning traditional diet
Replacing traditional foods with imported, processed food has contributed to the high prevalence of obesity and related health problems in the Pacific islands. Jane Parry reports.
Scattered across the Pacific Ocean are thousands of islands which make up three regions known as Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Beyond the image of white sandy beaches and carefree lifestyles, the Pacific islands are facing serious health problems, the prime culprit being imported foods.
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/7/10-010710/en/
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How does Asian ancestry affect heart disease risk?
January 19, 2016
The world is picking up the bad habits of Western culture when it comes to health. Lifestyle – especially what you eat and how much you exercise – has a big impact on heart disease. Unfortunately, many people are consuming too many calories and getting too little exercise. Across the globe, people are abandoning their traditional diets and lifestyles and are suffering the consequences.
For reasons that are unclear, Asians and Asian Americans tend to develop diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI) than Caucasians. People of Asian descent who carry 20 extra pounds are at risk of developing diabetes, whereas Caucasians usually need to carry 40 or more extra pounds before they are at risk. This is true for people of Asian descent regardless of where in the world they live.
The literature indicates that an astonishing 11 percent of Chinese have diabetes. Perhaps even more amazing, 50 percent of Chinese have prediabetes, a condition that typically emerges into diabetes. Out of 1.3 billion human beings, that’s 143 million people with diabetes and 650 million with prediabetes!
http://www.utswmedicine.org/stories/articles/year-2016/heart-disease-asian.html
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Leading Causes of Death among Asian American Subgroups (2003–2011)
Methods and Findings
We examined national mortality records for the six largest Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) from 2003-2011, and ranked the leading causes of death. We calculated all-cause and cause-specific age-adjusted rates, temporal trends with annual percent changes, and rate ratios by race/ethnicity and sex. Rankings revealed that as an aggregated group, cancer was the leading cause of death for Asian Americans. When disaggregated, there was notable heterogeneity. Among women, cancer was the leading cause of death for every group except Asian Indians. In men, cancer was the leading cause of death among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese men, while heart disease was the leading cause of death among Asian Indians, Filipino and Japanese men. The proportion of death due to heart disease for Asian Indian males was nearly double that of cancer (31% vs. 18%). Temporal trends showed increased mortality of cancer and diabetes in Asian Indians and Vietnamese; increased stroke mortality in Asian Indians; increased suicide mortality in Koreans; and increased mortality from Alzheimer’s disease for all racial/ethnic groups from 2003-2011. All-cause rate ratios revealed that overall mortality is lower in Asian Americans compared to NHWs.
Conclusions
Our findings show heterogeneity in the leading causes of death among Asian American subgroups. Additional research should focus on culturally competent and cost-effective approaches to prevent and treat specific diseases among these growing diverse populations.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411112/
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Rare Autoimmune Disease attacks People of Asian Descent
6-Sep-2012
Newswise — There has been an outbreak of an adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome in Southeast Asia. The autoimmune disease causes AIDS-like symptoms but is not associated with HIV and is not contagious.
The disease causes patients’ bodies to produce antibodies that attack their own immune systems. Dr. Sarah Browne, a clinical investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at NIH and the lead author on the study, says that we all have molecules and proteins that tell different immune cells when to start fighting infection. A large number of the patients studied with serious opportunistic infections make an antibody that blocks the function of one of these molecules. The molecule is called interferon-gamma. Without functioning interferon-gamma, people become more susceptible to certain types of infections -- infections people with working immune systems normally don't get. Interferon-gamma is a protein that helps the body fight off infections. In those diagnosed, the immune system has begun treating interferon-gamma as an enemy and makes an autoantibody against it, thus making it an autoimmune condition.
“These findings provide new opportunities to understand the relationship between immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases, the topic of a recent AARDA-sponsored international symposium,” says Dr. Noel Rose, the director of the Johns Hopkins Autoimmune Disease Research Center.
http://www.newswise.com/articles/rare-autoimmune-disease-attacks-people-of-asian-descent
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Researchers find distinctive patterns of cancer in Asian-Americans
July 11, 2007
Asian-Americans, both those born in the United States and new immigrants, have distinctive patterns of cancer incidence that doctors should consider when treating them, researchers have found.
A report appearing Wednesday in the journal CA is "one of the most comprehensive summaries of cancer among Asian-Americans," according to the American Cancer Society, which publishes the journal. The report is based on information on cancer cases collected by the state of California from 2000 to 2002 and focuses on five ethnic groups: Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese. The state has a large Asian population, 3.7 million, and carefully sorts its cancer data by ethnic group.
When all cancers are combined, Asian-Americans actually have lower rates than other groups in the United States. But cancer is still a major cause of death for Asians, killing more of them than heart disease. Different groups appear prone to different types of cancer.
Groups that have been in the United States the longest are likely to develop cancers that are most common there, like breast and colorectal cancer, although their rates are still significantly below those of non-Hispanic whites. The risk of those cancers may be increased by obesity, inactivity, high alcohol intake and diets rich in fat and low in fruits and vegetables, and the rates in Asians seem to rise gradually as they adopt more American habits.
Recent immigrants, by contrast, tend to suffer from the same types of cancer that are predominant in their native countries, like stomach and liver cancer. In developing countries, those cancers are often caused by chronic infections with certain bacteria and viruses that are routinely treated or prevented in the United States.
"I was surprised to see the diversity in cancer among the ethnic groups," said Melissa McCracken, an epidemiologist with the cancer society and the first author of the report. "The group is not homogeneous. Clinicians need to be aware of that and to really extend their scope of attention to cancer due to infectious agents, not just typical chronic conditions."
Among the more striking findings in the report are that Vietnamese men have incidence and death rates from liver cancer that are seven times the rate in non-Hispanic white men, and Korean men and women are 5 to 7 times as likely as whites to develop stomach cancer. Other Asians are also prone to these cancers, but their rates are generally not as high.
The hepatitis B virus is endemic in Asia, McCracken said, and chronic infection is a major cause of liver cancer there and in recent immigrants.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/11/health/11iht-cancer.4.6617221.html
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10 Top Asian American Health Risks
- The Asian American population has the highest tuberculosis case rate of any ethnic group: 24 times greater than Caucasians. Additionally, 80% of the population in many Asian countries test positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5-10% of the US population test positive.
20% of Asian women older than 50 have osteoporosis and over 50% of them are at risk. Asian American women are at a higher risk for developing osteoporosis compared with Caucasian women.
Asian American women older than 65 have a suicide rate of 11.6 per 100,000—more than double the rate for Caucasian women in that age group. Out of over 2,000 Asian Americans aged 18 or older, 2.7% reported having attempted suicide at some point in their lives and 9.1% of the group reported having had suicidal thoughts.
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among Asian American men and third among Asian American women. Lung cancer rates among Southeast Asian Americans are 18% higher than among Caucasians and Chinese Americans have the highest death rates for lung cancer among Asian American groups.
Asian Americans are a high –risk group for diabetes type 2. The risk for type 2 diabetes occurs at a lower BMI for Asian Americans compared to other ethnic groups. Additionally, while diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the US in 2006, it ranked as the fifth among Asian Americans.
The incidence rates of liver cancer in Asian American groups are 1.7 to 11.3 times higher than the rate among Caucasians. Additionally, Vietnamese American males have the highest incidence rates of liver cancer out of any other group in the US. Asian Americans are three times more likely to die of liver cancer than Caucasians.
Asian American women have one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the US and Vietnamese American women in particular have an incidence rate five times higher than Caucasian women.
http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php?id=1596
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Ethnic Differences in BMI and Disease Risk
The chance of developing diabetes, heart disease, and other weight-related health risks increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). But theres strong evidence that at any given BMI, these health risks are markedly higher in some ethnic groups than others.
The Nurses Health Study, for example, tracked patterns of weight gain and diabetes development in 78,000 U.S. women, to see if there were any differences by ethnic group. (1) All women were healthy at the start of the study. After 20 years, researchers found that at the same BMI, Asians had more than double the risk of developing type 2 diabetes than whites; Hispanics and blacks also had higher risks of diabetes than whites, but to a lesser degree. Increases in weight over time were more harmful in Asians than in the other ethnic groups: For every 11 pounds Asians gained during adulthood, they had an 84 percent increase in their risk of type 2 diabetes; Hispanics, blacks, and whites who gained weight also had higher diabetes risks, but again, to a much lesser degree than Asians. Several other studies have found that at the same BMI, Asians have higher risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease than their white European counterparts, and a higher risk of dying early from cardiovascular disease or any cause. (2–4)
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/ethnic-differences-in-bmi-and-disease-risk/
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Kidney Disease Most Common In Asian Populations
Researchers have identified five genomic regions that increase susceptibility to IgA nephropathy, a major cause of kidney failure worldwide.
AsianScientist (Apr. 4, 2011) - Researchers have identified five regions in the human genome that increase susceptibility to immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, a major cause of kidney failure worldwide.
The findings, a result of long-term collaborations among investigators in the United States, Italy, and China, was published in the April issue of Nature Genetics.
The researchers looked at the genes of 3,144 people of Chinese and European ancestry, all of whom have IgA nephropathy. The disease occurs when abnormal IgA antibodies deposit on the delicate filtering portion of the kidney and form tangles. The immune system tries to get rid of the tangles, but the kidneys are caught in the crossfire, further destroying the delicate filters.
Worldwide prevalence of IgA nephropathy appears highest in Asia and southern Europe, and rare in Africans. The frequency of genetic risk variants was similarly highest in Chinese people, intermediate in Europeans and lowest in Africans.
The "beauty" of this study, according to Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, was that nobody had suspected the association of the immune basis of IgA nephropathy with kidney diseases.
https://www.asianscientist.com/2011/04/health/kidney-disease-common-asian-populations/
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Chronic diseases: Asia's emerging health threat
Jan 29, 2013
Two in three deaths worldwide (34.5 million) were from chronic diseases in 2010 - an increase of about eight million between 1990 and 2010, according to the landmark Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 published in The Lancet last month, a collaborative project by nearly 500 scientists from more than 300 institutions in 50 countries..
http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1137943/chronic-diseases-asias-emerging-health-threat
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Inherited metabolic disorders in Thailand.
Aug 2002
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12403250---------------------
Genetic Hemoglobin Disorders, Infection, and Deficiencies of Iron and Vitamin A Determine Anemia in Young Cambodian Children
April 2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3301994/
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Genetic disorders in a paediatric hospital in Cambodia.
March 2005https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096216
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Rare Disorders in Malaysia: Rare and Special
http://www.mrds.org.my/2008%20Rare%20Disorders%20MRDS.pdf
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Genetics and genomic medicine in Indonesia
March 2017https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370234/
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Indonesia's Many Human Physical Deformities: A Closer Look
February 6, 2016
http://www.acsh.org/news/2016/02/06/matt-whats-up-in-indonesia
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Indonesia lacks qualified doctors, medication to treat rare diseases
March 8, 2017
https://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/the-jakarta-post/20170308/281603830260773
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Birth Defects In South-east Asia
A Public Health Challenge
http://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B4962.pdf
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Blood Mercury Reporting in NHANES: Identifying Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, and Multiracial Groups
Sep 2005
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367827/
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Shift from traditional foods takes toll on Alaska Native populations
2016
https://www.adn.com/rural-alaska/article/processed-food-comes-diabetes-obesity-alaska-natives/2014/09/29/
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Man-made chemicals blamed as many more girls than boys are born in Arctic
2007
· High levels can change sex of child during pregnancy
· Survey of Greenland and east Russia puts ratio at 2:1
Twice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (Amap).
The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/sep/12/gender.sciencenews
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The Disappearing Male
https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/the-disappearing-male/
The Disappearing Male is about one of the most important, and least publicized, issues facing the human species: the toxic threat to the male reproductive system.
The last few decades have seen steady and dramatic increases in the incidence of boys and young men suffering from genital deformities, low sperm count, sperm abnormalities and testicular cancer.
At the same time, boys are now far more at risk of suffering from ADHD, autism, Tourette's syndrome, cerebral palsy, and dyslexia.
The Disappearing Male takes a close and disturbing look at what many doctors and researchers now suspect are responsible for many of these problems: a class of common chemicals that are ubiquitous in our world.
Found in everything from shampoo, sunglasses, meat and dairy products, carpet, cosmetics and baby bottles, they are called "hormone mimicking" or "endocrine disrupting" chemicals and they may be starting to damage the most basic building blocks of human development.
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Health Problems in Chinese Children Are Different
Introduction
"Different race has different face",1 this saying obviously applies to Chinese children, as they do look different from children of other ethnic origins. In fact, many health problems are different in Chinese children also.2-6 Genetic conditions account for some of the differences. Well-known examples can be found in the thalassaemia syndromes which are highly prevalent in southern Chinese, or cystic fibrosis which is very rare in Chinese, although it is the most common chronic lung problem in Caucasians.
Traditions usually exert major influences on all kinds of child-care practices in the Chinese culture.2-6,10-13 Many medical and health problems demonstrate strong cultural characteristics. As improvement in socio-economic conditions and changes in life-style together with trends towards westernization have occurred in many Chinese communities in recent years, there are associated significant changes of disease pattern in the children also. Such changes appear to occur in children who have migrated to take up residence in overseas places as well.
This paper reviews some of the documentations and the author's personal observations on the differences commonly identified in children of Chinese origin.
Background
Chinese people comprise of five major ethnic groups,14 viz. Han (?), Man (Manchurians ?), Mong (Mongolians ?), Hwei (Islamics ?), Zhuang (Tibetans ?). Han is the majority. There are many other "ethnic minority groups" whose features sometimes draw some similarities to the people of the bordering countries. For example, a small group in south-western China has some Persian features; a few people in the North-west look Russian. Most of the Manchurians, Mongolians and Hweis have integrated into the Han society and have become indistinguishable from the Hans, from whom most of the reports regarded as Chinese are based.
External Features
At birth, the Chinese infant has a broader face, often with depressed nasal bridge (Table 1).1,2,5,10,15-24 He does not look "yellow", as his skin pigmentation usually takes days, often weeks to establish. More than one in ten infants have up-slanting eyes. One in four has "low-set ears" by Western standard. The head is usually not as elongated as the Caucasians. This could be due to the supine-sleeping position2,12,25,26 resulting in flattening of the occiput rather than an oblong shape assumed by the head lying on its sides from the prone-sleeping posture.
Of the many external features as listed in Table 1, particularly note-worthy are the "Mongolian blue spots" which are present in nearly all newborns. These skin patches, many of them can be quite large around the buttocks, persist till 5-6 years old; and such features should not to be mistaken for "child abuse" by the inexperienced. It is interesting also to note that Chinese children born or raised in temperate regions such as North America are generally less pigmented and not as "yellow" as their cousins who live in China.
Child Growth
"Chinese are born small and remain small all through childhood",27-29 this is a common misconception. Such belief was apparently based on observations made in days when the nutritional status and health care facilities were poor. Recent studies conducted in more developed Chinese communities, like Hong Kong, have indicated that both the intra-uterine30 and childhood growth grids are similar if not identical to the National Council of Health Standards (NCHS) curves of U.S.A. These secular changes appear not influenced by previously presumed genetic and ethnic factors as some workers have suggested.
Already Chinese teenagers of Hong Kong in the late 1980s were 4.2 - 6.7 cm taller than those in the late 1960s.31 Similar secular growth trends are occurring in various big cities in Mainland China29,33-35 and Taiwan.36 One study showed that the femur length was shorter,37 and several surveys have shown that Chinese children in certain big cities of North America are shorter and lighter26,38 than the Caucasian-Americans. These findings could be the result of certain traditional feeding practices which have been found to provide less than optimal dietary intake for the growing Chinese children rather than because of their ethnic endowment.
Congenital Abnormalities
Congenital anomalies as listed in Table 3 are some examples quite unique in Chinese. Uncommon occurrences of neural-tube defects50-52 appear to be due to the plentiful vegetables with folic acid in the southern Chinese diet.51 In a study of supplementing women with folic acid in several northern provinces in China, significant reduction of neural tube disorders has resulted.53 Other conditions like meconium ileus and meconium-plug syndrome from cystic fibrosis2,5,6,9 are extremely rare occurrences,5,6 very different from the experience drawn from Europe and North America.
Congenital conditions which are much less common in Chinese also include congenital dislocation of hips (CDH) which was found to be ten times less common compared with the Caucasians,54 pulmonary hypoplasia from renal agenesis and congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.55,56 Strictly speaking, pyloric stenosis is an acquired condition, as most infants only develop symptoms days, sometimes even weeks, after birth. Local experience has indicated its occurrence is on the rise in recent years. If such observation holds true, it may suggest an etiologic relationship to many recently introduced perinatal interventional therapies which may be stressful to the infants, resulting in increased vagal discharges and smooth muscle hypertrophy as a response around the pylorus.
The incidence of congenital heart defects is similar to Caucasians, but the pattern of heart defects is different.57,58 There are more right heart obstructive lesions and less hypoplastic left heart syndrome (Table 4). Cardiovascular defects associated with Chinese children with Down syndrome are also different (Table 4);59 the commonest problem is not atrio-ventricular cushion defect as noted in the western literature but ventricular septal defect. Although the frequency of congenital heart block has not been clearly documented, one might suspect that it would be higher, as there are many more young Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosis.60,61
Hydrops fetalis due to a-thalassaemia is common.7 4.5% and 4% of a southern Chinese school-age population have been found to be carriers of the a & b thalassaemia genes respectively.8 While infants with hydrops fetalis due to a-thalassaemia either die in-utero or soon after birth, children with b-thalassaemia major usually require monthly blood-transfusions and daily chelation therapy to sustain life. 4.42% boys and 0.45% girls62 were found to be severely deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P D). Such enzyme defect had accounted for a very high incidence of neonatal jaundice and kernicterus (Figure 1) in the past;63-66 even in older children haemolytic anaemia often occurs in association with an infection, in particular with hepatitis and typhoid fever, or precipitated by an oxidizing agent. Hare-lips and cleft palate which were noted to be more prevalent in Chinese previously49,67 have recently been found to be similar in incidence67 as in other reports.
Conclusion
Chinese children are different from other ethnic people, not only in their look but also in many medical and health conditions. Genetic disorders account for some differences, most of the other conditions appear to be affected by environmental factors and traditional practices. As there are much movements of Chinese people to take up residence in overseas places in recent years, it is important for child care workers to be alerted to some of the unique features of Chinese children to avoid misunderstanding and even possible mis-management--------------
http://www.cchi.com.hk/specialtopic/case3/
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South Asian health issues
Diabetes and heart disease
People in the UK from south Asian communities are about twice as likely to develop diabetes compared with people from white European backgrounds.
South Asian people are also more likely to develop diabetes at a younger age.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also more common in south Asian people, as is the risk of dying early from CHD.
Experts aren’t sure why this is the case, but it may be linked to diet, lifestyle and different ways of storing fat in the body.
Children and diabetes
Children of south Asian origin in the UK are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than white European children.
Weight gain caused by eating traditional foods high in sugar and fat, alongside Western "fast foods", is thought to be a contributing factor, according to Diabetes UK.
Eye health and kidney health
The eye condition acute glaucoma and chronic kidney disease can affect anybody, but people from south Asian communities have a higher risk.
Having diabetes increases the chances of developing kidney disease, and research suggests that diabetes can also raise the risk of glaucoma.
http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/SouthAsianhealth/Pages/Overview.aspx
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Bai fu mei: China’s obsession with white skin and ‘trophy’ partners may stem from genetic mutation 15,000 years ago, scientists say
Jan 12, 2016
Men in the country can often seem obsessed with fair skin, especially in a partner, while many women have in the past favoured a Caucasian or “trophy” husband. This has long been dismissed as a social, economic or cultural problem, but new evidence suggests it may stem from a genetic predisposition.
New international study led by Chinese team finds the diverging complexions of Han Chinese and native Africans and Southeast Asians was caused by a mutation of the OCA2 gene 15,224 years ago
For thousands of years, China was ruled by pale-looking nobles in the north, and the invasion of Europeans in its more modern history further added to the perception that a white skin colouring was somehow superior.
But the new study found that the phenomenon could have a biological explanation dating back to prehistoric times as the relatively light skin colouring of the Han Chinese may derive from the same gene held responsible for a number of diseases.
The researchers from China, the United States and Europe analysed genetic samples from more than 1,000 individuals and found that the fairer skin of the Han Chinese in comparison to people from Africa and Southeast Asia was caused by a mutation of the OCA2 gene.
One of the gene’s main functions is to help transport tyrosine, an amino acid used as a raw material in synthesising melanin, a pigment that determines skin colouration .
The mutated version of the gene has been linked to many diseases, such as albinism, acute eye inflammation, Angelman syndrome (characterised by mental disability and jerky movements), learning difficulties and obsessive eating, to name but a few.
The team of researchers were led by Professor Su Bing at the Kunming Institute of Zoology in Yunnan province, and Meng Anming from Tsinghua University in Beijing.
They estimated that the mutated genes which led to the fairer skin of the Han Chinese occurred some 15,224 years ago. This happened after that group’s ancestors migrated up north from Southwest China and Southeast Asia about 25,000 – 30,000 years ago.
This dark colouring would have served as a natural form of defence “against the harmful effects of UV radiation, including protection against sunburn and folate destruction”, according to the team’s paper published in the latest issue of the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution.
But in north China, which experiences less sunshine than other parts of the country, the whiter skin allowed the body to absorb more sunlight to prevent a deficiency of vitamin D. A shortage of this can lead to fragile or brittle bones, cardiovascular problems and cognitive impairments.
According to the laws of natural selection, those with lighter skin were fitter for survival in the new environment. They may also have enjoyed other physical advantages such as being taller with stronger bones and perhaps a greater intelligence, studies show.
Another interesting discovery of the latest study was that the same OCA2 mutation was not detected among Europeans, who also underwent a shift to paler skin after the first modern humans moved out of Africa.
But the evolution of people’s skin colour in Europe took place on a completely different set of genes such as SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, according to other studies.
The genetic difference between Han Chinese and Europeans implied “independent skin-lightening in both East Asians and Europeans”, the scientists said.
But they said other environmental and biological factors could not be ruled out, either.
“Dietary changes and/or sexual selection … may also have created selective pressure in skin lightening,” they wrote.
And that “selective pressure” has shown scant sign of easing up.
A quick pore through a Chinese search engine quickly reveals what many modern Chinese woman aspire to be: Bai-fu-mei. This portmanteau of three Chinese characters - “white”, “rich”, “beautiful” - puts white first, even though in today’s China, wealth is for many the most desirable quality.
A study by market research company Mintel last year found that more than 95 per cent of Chinese women aged 20 to 49 had used facial masks to whiten their face - or three times as many as in Britain.
http://www.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/1900084/bai-fu-mei-chinas-obsession-white-skin-and-trophy-partners-may
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What genetics reveals about traditional Chinese medicine
January 6, 2017
Impacting genes
Can Chinese medicine impact the human genome, and deliver on its promises? A variety of individual responses to these therapies might be explained by epigenetic influences on gene expression.
A Korean research team found in mice that stimulating a specific acupuncture point associated with neurostimulation and Parkinson’s disease changed the expression levels of 799 genes. These genes could become biomarkers that indicate changes in neuronal activity and possibly point to treatments for the disease.
A Chinese group found changes in mRNA and protein expression in mouse lung tissue after stimulation of three acupoints with acupuncture needles. These expression changes appear to affect regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis, transportation and metabolism, the team reported.
A Taiwanese team analyzing 3,294 medicinal herbs and other compounds found that 36 percent of them worked with histone-modifying enzymes, and one-third of those promoted chromatin condensation, which compacts chromosomes and affects DNA repair and gene expression.
Natural isn’t harmless
Not all traditional medicines are beneficial, however. In fact, any responsible practitioner or specialist will warn that herbal treatments can be hazardous.
Aristolochic acid, which is part of many traditional Chinese preparations for menstrual cramps, rheumatism and (sometimes) weight loss, was also associated with kidney failure and urinary tract cancer, two studies reported.
In addition, traditional Chinese preparations have been found to contain heavy metals and plant toxins. Cases of adverse reactions have been reported, including some deaths. These concoctions are not regulated in either the US or Europe as drugs, but they can have powerful actions by themselves and equally powerful interactions with prescription drugs.
Another issue with Chinese traditional medicines has been identifying the ingredients of any individual herbal preparation. This issue has stemmed from either contaminants or the use of a substitute compound from similar, but not identical, species of plant. Since more than 5,000 species are used for therapies, and most of them are animal- or plant-derived organics, such identification has been difficult. But high-throughput screening and new whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing analysis has permitted scientists to more precisely determine what’s in the mix.
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/01/06/what-genetics-reveals-about-traditional-chinese-medicine/
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Simple blood test can detect genetic diseases early in pregnancy
Together, single-gene disorders are more common than Down’s syndrome. Now there’s a safe prenatal test that can help prospective parents decide what to do
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23331074-100-simple-blood-test-can-detect-genetic-diseases-early-in-pregnancy/
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‘The time for reconciliation is over’: South Africa votes to confiscate white-owned land without compensation
http://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/world-economy/the-time-for-reconciliation-is-over-south-africa-votes-to-confiscate-whiteowned-without-compensation/news-story/a8a81155995b1adc1c399d3576c4c0bc
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Judge for Yourself: White Genocide South Africa - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_be1Q6-B8LE
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Is there a future for White Afrikaners? - BBC Our World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH329UbQokY
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The Endgame - Full White Genocide Documentary - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMfk5UeGw4E
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Refugees are not welcome in Europe anymore - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjlWsPKaVzo
Europeans Are Waking Up! | How Even Ordinary People Are Beginning to Take Action Against Immigration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlP84iYwVbY
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This is a good example of why I think we should regulate population and race on the planet. Sure Europe, the Middle East and Africa all had their conflicts, and we should stop war.
How would it sound if Europe decided to confiscate all black-owned land and all the land that Arabs
own in Europe to repay the favor?
These groups are just as guilty for trying to war against the Europeans in past history, as we see with Africans invading Spain and Italy.
I think we should repay the favor in both ways, where we should have Europe as over 95% White, and
South Africa as over 90% White (give or take some percentage points). This is just a thought I am having while reading over this article, and
is just an example of what we could do, or something similar to. We could still have whites living in Africa and that could travel in peace. The European people do not want Europe to be flooded with a bunch of black Muslims and Arab Muslims. Let us be honest, and fight for the right for Europeans to keep their heritage and preserve their bloodlines, without a bunch of low IQ Third World savages trying to genocide off your people and culture like mindless criminals. We need to stop the EU and UN from trying to genocide off the European people.
Remember that I was the one trying to bring this to a peaceful resolution and avoid a war between nations, cultures and races. It is the EU & UN governments that wants to divide and conquer the people, and why they are using black Africans and Arabs to try and destabilize independent nations.
I think we should remove most of the Africans and Middle Easterners out of Europe. How many more thousands of articles are we going to hear about the European people facing genocide by foreigners. I say we regulate the races of Europe, and preserve the DNA and traits of the European people, without being victim to a government plan of genocide.
Let's talk about genetically modified humans. Get this, they want me to omit scientific evidence to please a group of people, in order to be politically correct. How can I even complete my book on Genetically modified humans and genetically modified vaccines, without adding and providing all information on the traits of different humans. They are trying to create genetically modified humans on this planet, in order to phase out real people. We can even see the traits in races differ, and that we should be open and honest about these studies.
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Race and IQ
https://isgp-studies.com/miscellaneous/race-and-iq/global-iq-scores-black-white-asian-hispanic-arab-large.png
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Race, IQ, Genetics, and Denial - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE9ONE0LhcU
Racial segregation in American schools. Return to the 1960s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmrtJD9kT4I
Kids Talk About Segregation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sff2N8rez_8
Let's Bring Back Segregated Schools https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN81fqjZf7g
Brilliant Tommy Sotomayor about African Americans in USA - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYKjtWEsOF8
Tommy Sotomayor on the fat & loud black woman stereotype - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlSQAmSqSik
Africans Have Never Built a Major Enduring City in 3,000 Years - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZkE3xB8o8A
Pastor Manning No African History John 8: 32 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYrrZpV0Sjk
Black People Don't Give A Damn About Black People https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSoI39YD2a8
NIGERIAN LEADERS & BLACKS PEOPLE DOESN'T KNOW HOW TO RUN A NATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wBVprLojEQ
Chicago is a Little Rwanda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNPFwrVgIA
The Black Thang Ain't Workin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBbFW0kXyvI
We Need to Talk About the African American Holocaust - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fPMSqebjxg
The Mexicans are Coming - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WObx-uv72-E
Africa or Mexico - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C9VZOsyjLo
Don lemon calls Larry Elder an Uncle Tom, Gets DESTROYED by Larry - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf-_OyYmhpc
Black Celebrities who hate Black Lives Matter - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dx-3pL2OQlw
Black Lives Matter leader shot dead - https://nypost.com/2018/02/07/black-lives-matter-leader-shot-dead/
The Politics of South Park: Immigration - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uW3JxUZpiYk
Chris Rock Bring The Pain Stand Up Comedy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJFS5AFcNtw
Muhammad Ali - Racial Integration - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqiWFLsgVi4
Blue Birds want to be with Blue Birds, Red Birds want to be with Red Birds.
Sometimes Blue Birds will mate with a Red Birds, and make a Purple Bird. However, Blue Birds many times are known for being highly
territorial, and if you are not a Blue Bird, it is a good chance the Blue Bird might chase another type of bird off. Different humans tribes are the same way, and why we have distinctive races, and we are not all just one race.
We have our cultural differences, and once race should not have to face genocide from another race. I believe we should work together to expand the human race and travel in space. Africans are actually a very smart people, and when you look at all the great black inventors and athletes, they have earned their place as a distinctive race. Just as the white man is a distinctive race with his own inventions and different athletic achievements, including Orientals and people from the Middle East, and should not have to suffer genocide either.
The Vatican wants to replace Protestant Blacks, with Catholics from South America and Arab Muslims as well, in order to create Chrislam. We are for all the races to live in peace, and we believe that the government is trying to genocide off the white race, including other races, to form a one world race. We should have population control and reduce the population in the Third Word so that better part of First World Western Society can live on as the future people.
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Why is it that I can't even travel to half the countries in Africa as a peaceful visitor?
What is with the crummy attitude of a lot of people that live in black neighborhoods and Mexican neighborhoods. Even Mr. Manning states that blacks have to come to white neighborhoods to get away from the hood and ghetto, and it is true.
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The Mysterious Dark Ages (HD Ancient Middle Ages History Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDG5jtGGdWU
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DNA Evidence Provides Proof Egypt Was Founded By Central Europeans
July 5, 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WIBkwzwioA
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PREHISTORIC HUMANS IN THE NEW WORLD (AMAZING ANCIENT HISTORY DOCUMENTARY) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4Ozox0FIO8
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THE REAL TRUTH ABOUT VIKINGS (INCREDIBLE HISTORY DOCUMENTARY)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1w7e46pHuc -
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The Viking Deception | Top Documentary Films | History Documentary
Mar 29, 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnVzXojR__0
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Europeans & Asians In Prehistoric America : Journey to 10,000 BC - Science Documentaries
Nov 28, 2014
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz91Gzk-pPA
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Native Americans actually came from a tiny mountain region in Siberia, DNA research reveals
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2092258/Native-Americans-actually-came-tiny-mountain-region-Russia-DNA-research-reveals.html
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Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
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Prehistoric Europeans. First Native Americans (1 of 3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GS5eDwYePiQ
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DNA Results of Ancient Native American Mummies - ROBERT SEPEHR
Mar 18, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfOZg3X_GmA
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FINALLY: DNA Results Of The Paracas Elongated Skulls Of Peru: Part 1
Feb 5, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1k_b-jmz3k
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The Origin of the Blue Eyes: The Ancient 'Gods' and Their Royal Descendants
http://humansarefree.com/2014/04/the-origin-of-blue-eyes-ancient-gods.html
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First South Americans were Black Aborigines
May 9, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6IrMjfbh6E
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The Africans Who Discovered America Thousands Of Years Before Columbus
Mar 01, 2013
http://www.nairaland.com/1212037/africans-discovered-america-thousands-years
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As I was saying, North America is home to the proud White Native American people.
We are calling for the right for white people in America to regulate white neighborhoods, just as Indian Americans regulate Indian tribal areas.
We need to regulate the amount of white neighborhoods in America, just as how they have Indian reservations, where you have to be part Indian to live. We should not let white neighborhoods in places such as Europe and America, fall victim to a bunch of foreign invaders. Many people hate white people, and they hate white neighborhoods and want to genocide off white people.
We can clearly see that America belongs partly to the white man and the Indian American man, and we are willing to share. We even see how the Africans have history in South America, and we are willing to share. Now, do you see the point of view I am making, is that white people have the right to keep white neighborhoods and areas, cause this is our native lands as well. Many of the Mexicans, Asians are trying to move into many of these towns in Orange County, and flood these areas with a bunch of non-whites.
We are calling for the removal of all foreigners from America, that were here after 1965. We need to remove all of these foreigners, then regulate the population in America. I believe we should have segregated schools, and non-segregated schools. We can all live in peace and happiness, and I am doing what I can in my power to avoid my race from facing genocide, to avoid a race war that the government wants to create to divide and conquer us. This is also to think outside the box and just suggest stuff that we can do, to where it is just an idea and there are many other ways to do things.
Laguna Beach, California is a good example of a white neighborhood that is slowly losing its culture, and why in America, this country was founded for the reason for white people to live in peace. I say we will eventually need to regulate and even eliminate the number of foreigners trying to buy homes in Orange County and America. We can see how just 30 years ago, almost no Orientals lived in Irvine California, and now the place is flooded with Orientals. Many of these Orientals are brought here illegally by boat, and need to be deported. We are calling for the removal of all immigrants in America that were here after 1965. If an American is kicked off of his property because he cannot afford to pay the taxes, I think we need to have programs in place for these Americans to get their properties back. We will give these Americans properties that were once owned by foreigners and even Chinese bankers trying to take the homes of the American people. Who else is tired of seeing a bunch of Americans on the streets homeless, while you see some Arab riding around in new car that is worth over 100,000$.
Let's face it, people breed like rats, and why China and India have over 1 billion people.
Why is western China so polluted and damaged, while the deserts of eastern China have
very few people.
Laguna Beach is a good example of a town that is being ruined by a bunch of Arabs, and eventually the American people will put a stop to these Arabs trying to set camp here in Orange County, California.
The government then brings the enemy and flood Muslims into America and Europe. This is why I hate the government, and why I hope they are dismantled and replaced by a government that doesn't want to genocide off my people.
If the people of California cannot stop these invaders, then many people in California may die in a Red Dawn style attack if the state is overran by a bunch of illegal immigrants and Arab Muslims, and you will not be allowed in other states. The people of California will have to fight, but it is mostly already too late.
We should not allow California to separate from the rest of America, with a bunch of illegal aliens. I would rather see all the cowards in California face arrest to the rest of America, than sit back and let a bunch of Alt Left traitors from California let California fall into the hands of a foreign enemy combatants. The people of California are cowards, and continue to let California fall into the hands of Mexico, which is why we believe the people of California and Mexico will face the consequences for their actions against the American people.
The people of California have refused to help the press, too many are anti-gun, and we
must remove and deport all of the foreigners out of California. The idiots of California cannot even look the press in the eye with a straight face, and continue to vote in Dianne Feinstein, Leeland Lee, Kamala Harris etc, and the voters of California even think like these people.
Everyday we think how foreigners are being used to overthrow America, and the answer is simple,
look at how Japan has allowed almost no foreigners to live in Japan, are you going to call the Japanese racist?
I say we do the same as Japan. We need to regulate the White Native American population, the Indian Americans, and even the Asians have a heritage in the Land Bridge in Alaska and why we have have Native Eskimos. America is a white nation and must remain a white nation. This is why America had so many laws to ban Third World foreigners from immigrating to America. We must make America a white nation again, this is why we are now calling for the arrest of all non-whites out of First World Western Nations such as America, Canada and the Nations of Europe. We must remove these non-whites out of America and Europe and send them back to their own culture zone. We should sterilize the majority of these Third World non-whites groups so that the better part of First World Western society can live on as the future race.
What if I said Europe should be 90-95% white, and the other % would be people that could travel or special work permits for scientists, doctors, etc.
So, what is the debate, who was here first the Indian Americans or White Native Americans. Some will tell you that other humanoids existed even before these groups. We can see that even different Asian ethnic groups claim to have been in America before Columbus.
America was founded by white men. We can see why America had certain laws such as the Jim Crow laws, this was so that the White Americans would not lose their power.
We can see what happens as soon as we let a non-white into American politics, and that most non-whites hate America for certain reasons, such as how they think it gives whites power over others, and want to destroy America.
I am tired of seeing advertisements for politicians in Orange County, many of these political advertisments are in Oriental and that we are going to ban these types of politicians from continuing to be elected in office.
We need to go back to the days of the 1700s and 1800s when we didn't have a bunch of Arabs running around, and if they were, it was a small handful.
Are you tired of how all the really hot women in white neighborhoods that get replaced with women that aren't as hot, such as some bunk Arab or Black wearing a rag, instead of the next Baywatch model. The quality of the women goes down a lot, including in the high schools and colleges even. This is a crime and we need to start prosecuting many of these governments allowing the quality of women to drop in many areas as well.
We think different cities should have the right to have segregated schools.
We are accusing the government of taking bribes to allow millions of unwanted Chinese and illegal Mexicans into America. We are going to find these politicians guilty of treason, and deport all of these illegal immigrants.
California is under siege, and I would expect a giant backlash against the Alt-Left politicians, ANTIFA, and illegal enemy combatants. I will hold a toast when you are defeated, and we repopulate the state of California by kicking out all of these illegal DACA members. Why do you think so many in the scientific community have called for a strict reduction in the Third World popuations around the globe.
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O.C. approves forced treatment for seriously mentally ill
May 14, 2014https://www.ocregister.com/2014/05/14/oc-approves-forced-treatment-for-seriously-mentally-ill/
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They are trying to bring in homeless people from other counties such as Los Angeles, and try to put these mentally ill people in white neighborhoods. On top of all of this, the government is now making it easier for minorities to rent or buy homes in white neighborhoods. Do we see how it is constantly the government trying harm white people and white neighborhoods any chance they can get. Soon they will implement forced living, where they will cram as many minorities in white neighborhoods to try and ruin white society. The American people have caught on, and I would have a warning to many of these people trying to assault white neighborhoods, and your plan is now going to backfire, just watch what happens when the American people and European people finally wake up. This is just history repeating itself again, and the white race will find a way to survive once again, while a bunch of Arabs, Blacks and foreign armies try to kill off my people.
Look at how some white kids try to act like they are in some Jay Z video these days, and why the government wants to create these type of people, so that too many of these guys are around and will never lift a finger to help protect America, and these people usually are with Antifa. Many of these people were also considered useless eaters by the elite and many of them were parasites that had to be removed from our First World society
Go live in a Mexican Ghetto in Los Angeles, and see how many people like it. That is right, no one wants to live in the Mexican and black ghettos in LA, and why they much rather want to live in white neighborhoods. I honestly do not even want to live around a bunch of minorities now, cause half of them act like thugs from a Jay Z music video, and I would much rather see you dead, than to even associate with this trash, and that is how I honestly feel about the situation. Now, I do not mind minorities that actually act like intelligent human beings, but I still believe there is a reason why you have Mexican neighborhoods, black neighborhoods, Asian neighborhoods and white neighborhoods. How many times are we going to hear a black guy joke about how he wants to move into a white neighborhood, cause he hates white neighborhoods and they just want to ruin the neighborhood.
So then what good are the people of the future, if they are just descendants of a bunch of no good people that allied with the UN to try and genocide my people. They want to replace my people with a lesser grade IQ of a people. Do you see how easy Africans are to steamroll over in war, and how white people have much higher IQ tests on average. This is why the UN hates white people, and they want to replace the real He-man with some 5 foot Arab with a low IQ that can't even play professional sports.
Please help save and protect the European people from genocide by their own governments, the EU, the UN and all the non-whites declaring war and genocide against my people.
Why it it that Asian students and white students do so much better than black students and Hispanic Students.
This is why we should have segregated schools, and to show an example to the world of how certain races on average are smarter than others.
I am not Asian or black, but I will tell you that Orientals, especially Orientals from the north, are way smarter than Africans on average.
Some people think we should breed out Orientals, because they do not want to breed with other races, and this is a form of racism, and why we should have a one world race, this also goes for white people as well.
Orientals and whites should keep their race and identity and should not face genocide from other races, they have proven they are smarter than Africans on average. If Orientals were forced to breed with Africans, we could see eventually how this race would lose some traits and gain others.
So, I really wouldn't consider myself a racist, I view different races differently and scientifically. I think it is like a video game, where each race or class can have different attributes to them. Such as blacks are some of the fastest people, while whites are some of the strongest and very good in the water and ice, and orientals and Asians are very good at other things as well, like being some of the best climbers in Tibet or being a ninja. Some Pacific Islanders are able to hold their breath to longest under the water in the ocean we also have seen.
Some people will call you a fascist for wanting population control, and they will call you a double fascist if you want population control and race control. If you call for population control, does this mean that you can have one, two including Three or more children with whoever you want, or would the government give you the approval to have children. I can see how part of me thinks it could be a bad idea, while looking at China, many see why they have a 1 child policy. Many have said that the 1 child policy has ruined the lives of some families in China. What if you had a 2 child policy, or a 3 child policy? I personally want to have 10 children, which I can see why people want to have so many children. As much as some people don't like having a policy on how many children they can have, but this is a good idea for Third World and Second World places such as China, India, Africa, Central America, South America, the Middle East and in many non-white Third World Countries.
I think that each of the great races, such as Africans, Orientals, Whites and Arabs all deserve their own lands, and not to be threatened with genocide, such as how we see with the Europeans currently.
It is sad because honestly I never intended for my books and videos to have so much racism in them, and wanted to do your typical standard documentaries. Then you realize that it is too difficult to talk about history, current events and the genocide of your people, without touching on these subjects.
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Why is it that I can't even travel to half the countries in Africa as a peaceful visitor?
What is with the crummy attitude of a lot of people that live in black neighborhoods and Mexican neighborhoods, to where even Mr. Manning states that blacks have to come to white neighborhoods to get away from the hood and ghetto.
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We challenge Muslims nations to beat western nations at many sports, you will not see it happen that often. You will not see many Muslims that are in pro sports. There are a few Muslims in pro sports, but not many. We actually now see more Muslims in pro-sports currently in 2019.
Look at how the German people win a FIFA world cup in soccer, while many Muslim countries do not even come close to ever winning. Why would I want to reproduce with an Arab, when there are many other cultures I would rather reproduce and have a child with. There are a lot of frail people living in the Middle East, and I would would rather reproduce with an European woman that have more of a build. I would much rather breed with a Nordic or Western European woman, and have a son who would be both intelligent and strong. This is important talking about this, because the globalists want to replace the strong European people, with a weaker Arabic culture. What do the Arabic Islamic people have to show for athletic genes in general, compared to Europeans, native Africans or Hispanics or East Asians. Even if there are a handful of Muslims are in sports, they most likely have higher African DNA, such as Muhammad Ali was African, and not from the Middle East. If Muhammad Ali was born and raised in an Islamic culture, he most likely would not have had the opportunity to become a professional boxer. Ali converted to Islam after he won many boxing matches. (Many boxing records can also be rigged as well, and often judges decide who is the winner). This makes many wonder how many people in the Middle East had potential to become a professional athlete or an Olympian, but their dreams were cut short.
Words cannot even describe how much better American and European culture is. Eastern Asian countries are some of the best at gymnastics, Olympic events and strongman competitions, while the people of India and Sri Lanka, are some of the best at cricket. The people of Japan are some of the best at baseball, including many Caribbean Islands and Latin American countries as well. Latin American countries rival and beat European countries in soccer at different times in history even. Africans are also some of the best at different sports including running, basketball, football and many other sports, as well as people from Europe and people of South American descent. Russians and people of European descent are also very good at many sports, including strongman competitions, soccer, hockey, marksmanship sports, football, rugby, fighting, professional bicycling, swimming, surfing, and X-games type sports. The people of Tibet are also some of the best mountain climbers in the world. The Native and Latin Americans also have many of the best wilderness survival skills, and have proven themselves to be very good at many different sports. The point I am trying to make is that many people have their own special talents, and can do what others can't, and visa versa. Many Olympian sprinters and runners have different sets of muscles to win a race, compared to having the sets of muscles to win a strongman competition. It depends if you decide to be a sprinter, swimmer or a strongman lifter, often it takes a lifetime to build the muscles for the type of activity that you want to master in, and it is just a matter of practicing in order to become a champion.
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Still no anthem, still no regrets for Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf
1996https://theundefeated.com/features/abdul-rauf-doesnt-regret-sitting-out-national-anthem/
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India: Muslim cricket star under fire for “un-Islamic” pic showing wife’s arms and eyes
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Even many European people want to better the planet, and there are many things in life that are more important than sports. Europe has some of the best scientists and many accomplishments. We should look at the scientific accomplishments and how smart many cultures are in technology, and overall happiness, compared to a sports game. I think too many people are also too distracted by sports, and do not even pay enough attention to many of the problems that we should solve in the world. Imagine if everyone were as enthused about fixing the problems of our planet, to the enthusiasm to many professional sports games. Too many people in the public are too easily impressed by just a game. I will be honest, I can see why Muslims don't allow sports to take over their society, many Muslim areas allow soccer. The problem we see are some professional athletic sports organisations trying to allow low IQ blacks in our society because of sports. Many of the colleges should be ashamed for bringing in these low IQ blacks just cause they can throw a basketball around and give a scholarship to many of these low IQ black individuals. School should be a place to learn and it looks like many of the colleges have abused this privilege. Maybe America would have been better off if we did not allow many of these blacks to stay and represent a white nation such as America, simply just because of a game. This is why I can see why some countries have laws and don't allow a bunch of blacks to live in their country just because they play a sport or just because they are a musician as well. At the same time I like sports and music but I can see how to bring a balance to many things in life, and why many do not let certain professional athletes or certain musicians to try and get carried away with too much political influence. We can see the problems when some actors become politicians and why other groups in the past have warned us about certain actors, politicians, athletes or celebrities trying to gain too much power.
Who cares if some black guy can jump a centimeter higher than someone else, or run a fraction of a second faster than another race. You won't see many blacks in some strongman competitions often, ice sports, water sports, racing, etc. Even when they do try and set a record, such as in ice skating or weightlifting, it is beaten within a very short time.
Growing up, I noticed that blacks aren't that much better at sports, and that my high school went to the state championships in football. Most of the really good players didn't even play on the team or go to the pros, because they wanted to better the planet, instead of playing some game. Then you have these black guys who just want to train to play in professional sports, cause they have nothing else going for them. Then all of these people try to idolize these black guys, just cause they can run around with a football or basketball. I wouldn't say that they are better in sports, you just do not see the real white athletes out there. Blacks are built differently than Orientals, especially in their thigh bones, this is a proven scientific fact, and why blacks can run faster on averagte. It is like a video game, blacks can run faster, but when when you stand up to a real He-Man type warrior, those skinny sprinters better run away in a real fight. Notice how whites win many of the strongman competitions and many of the best MMA and UFC fighters are white. Look at how some of the best fighters in the world are Russians and Americans. I honestly think it is about equal for fighting for blacks, whites, Latinos and mulattoes for their respective weight classes, and why you have diverse champions in MMA. So what if some guy can throw around a football, I am tired of people trying to glorify these people just playing sports, when it is just a game, and a lot of them are just 2nd rate players anyways, compared to many people that were way better than some of the people who are playing in the pros. I will also mention all the problems in sports with being politically correct, and how they get people who were in college frats often, or happen to be related to someone in a secret society, and why they are playing on TV. Look at how bad the politics in the NFL has gotten in the past several years, and why many Americans do not like the NFL just because of their really bad politics.
I will be the one to admit that even whites have a problem with trying to breed the right type of professional athletes. It seems that a lot of women and men would rather mate with someone that just looks attractive, than someone who might have much better intelligent genes and physical genes, where that person should have passed their genes on instead. This is why some governments even wanted to have a selective breeding program to breed superhumans.
Notice how in the media and movies, they often try to promote whites as somehow not being as cool as blacks, as a type of joke almost. This is another way that the media conditions the public, to brainwash people. Then we see over 50 different movies showing how blacks are being oppressed, then we see barely any movies about the history of whites facing slavery and oppression. Then they try to brainwash white women in various ways, to want to go out with non-whites. They even try to promote Africans as being better athletes than other whites, which is not true. Growing up I always thought whites, Latin Americans and blacks were all equal in sports in different ways. Different years in high school football, all white teams would win the state championship, then other years an all black team would win the championship, or an all Latin team would win. Many African countries cannot even win a world cup in soccer against European teams. Many blacks also do not do as well in Winter Olypmic Sports compared to other nations in Europe and Asia. Many white people want to better the planet, and realize there are way more important things to life than just games. I see that different races all have different unique skills and attributes.
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FIFA World Cup
(Championship Map)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup
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Effects of Centuries of Extreme Inbreeding Among Muslims: Low IQ, Violence and Terrorism
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Race and IQ
Aug 8, 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNuB-yYDZpM
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Eugenics, Infertility & Population Growth CRISIS
July 2, 2019
https://www.coreysdigs.com/health-science/eugenics-infertility-population-growth-crisis/
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To continue this investigation, view the following blogs.
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3/5/2019 - Race Dysgenics: Evolution, Dysgenic De-evolution, Eugenics & Genetic Modification - The History of the Lineage of Man - https://racedysgenics.blogspot.com
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04/19/2018 The Dysgenics Investigation - Race, Science & the Human Genome Project - The Eugenics Investigation (Akoniti) - DysgenicsInvestigation.blogspot.com
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Race Virus 101 - The Eugenics Investigation ( The Dysgenics Investigation)
https://racevirus101.blogspot.com/
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4/15/2020 - Coronavirus Investigation News - Race Virus 201 - Pollution Science 101 (COVID-19 & SARS-CoV-2)
https://coronavirusinvestigation.blogspot.com
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8/15/2017 - Genetically Modified Vaccines Investigated - The Eugenics Investigation (MonsantoInvestigation.com) - GMOvaccinesinvestigated.blogspot.com
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Race Dysgenics Brazil | Eugenics in Brazil
https://eugenicsbrazil.blogspot.com
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July 7th, 2017 - Genetically Modified Humans & Viruses - The Eugenics Investigation - GMOhumansandviruses.blogspot.com
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4/4/2019 - The Rockefeller Dynasty Investigation 2020 - The Eugenics Investigation - https://rockefellerdynastyinvestigation.blogspot.com/
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Pollution Science 101 - China
https://pollutionscience101china.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - Brazil - Emergency Report
https://pollutionscience101brazil.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - Mexico
https://pollutionscience101mexico.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101- Russia
https://pollutionscience101russia.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - India
https://pollutionscience101india.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - Cancer Investigated (California)
https://pollutionscience101cancerinvestigated.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - Israel
https://pollutionscience101israel.blogspot.com
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King Solomon's Temple Investigation Marathon
https://solomonstempleinvestigation.blogspot.com/
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Pollution Science 101 - Texas
https://pollutionscience101texasvsbpoil.blogspot.com
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Pollution Science 101 - Solutions
https://pollutionscience101solutions.blogspot.com
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The DuPont Investigation
https://dupontinvestigation.blogspot.com
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For more information on biotechnology, nanotechnology and
genetically modified organisms, view our website
MonsantoInvestigation.com
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